Dynamic impact force and association with structural damage to the knee joint: An ex-vivo study

Brill, Richard; Wohlgemuth, Walther A.; Hempfling, H.; Bohndorf, Klaus; Becker, Ursula; Welsch, Ulrich; Kamp, Alexander; Roemer, Frank W.

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2014.07.007

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The vast majority of previously conducted impact testing studies investigated the osteochondral impact response of "open-joint" models, either with in vitro explants 21,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] or in vivo. 22,[49][50][51] However, the mechanical environment deviates considerably from actual blunt impact loads, since articular cartilage is manipulated directly in open-joint models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Axial Impact Load Causes Articular Damage That Is Not Visible with Micro-Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study on Caprine Tibiotalar Joints

et al. 2019

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Objective Excessive articular loading, for example, an ankle sprain, may result in focal osteochondral damage, initiating a vicious degenerative process resulting in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Better understanding of this degenerative process would allow improving posttraumatic care with the aim to prevent PTOA. The primary objective of this study was to establish a drop-weight impact testing model with controllable, reproducible and quantitative axial impact loads to induce osteochondral damage in caprine tibiotalar joints. We aimed to induce osteochondral damage on microscale level of the tibiotalar joint without gross intra-articular fractures of the tibial plafond. Design Fresh-frozen tibiotalar joints of mature goats were used as ex vivo articulating joint models. Specimens were axially impacted by a mass of 10.5 kg dropped from a height of 0.3 m, resulting in a speed of 2.4 m/s, an impact energy of 31.1 J and an impact impulse of 25.6 N·s. Potential osteochondral damage of the caprine tibiotalar joints was assessed using contrast-enhanced high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Subsequently, we performed quasi-static loading experiments to determine postimpact mechanical behavior of the tibiotalar joints. Results Single axial impact loads with a mass of 15.5 kg dropped from 0.3 m, resulted in intra-articular fractures of the tibial plafond, where a mass of 10.55 kg dropped from 0.3 m did not result in any macroscopic damage. In addition, contrast-enhanced high-resolution micro-CT imaging neither reveal any acute microdamage (i.e., microcracks) of the subchondral bone nor any (micro)structural changes in articular cartilage. The Hexabrix content or voxel density (i.e., proteoglycan content of the articular cartilage) on micro-CT did not show any differences between intact and impacted specimens. However, quasi-static whole-tibiotalar-joint loading showed an altered biomechanical behavior after application of a single axial impact (i.e., increased hysteresis when compared with the intact or nonimpacted specimens). Conclusions Single axial impact loads did not induce osteochondral damage visible with high-resolution contrast-enhanced micro-CT. However, despite the lack of damage on macro- and even microscale, the single axial impact loads resulted in “invisible injuries” because of the observed changes in the whole-joint biomechanics of the caprine tibiotalar joints. Future research must focus on diagnostic tools for the detection of early changes in articular cartilage after a traumatic impact (i.e., ankle sprains or ankle fractures), as it is well known that this could result in PTOA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Axial Impact Load Causes Articular Damage That Is Not Visible with Micro-Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study on Caprine Tibiotalar Joints

et al. 2019

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“…Prior to impact we submerged specimens in a bath of PBS at 37 ± 1 C for >900 s. We impacted specimens under all possible combinations of the following test conditions: impact energies of 0.05, 0.07, or 0.09 J and impact velocities of 0.75 or 1.0 m/s, with 18 specimens per condition resulting in a total of 108 tests. We determined the ranges of these test conditions in a preliminary study 7,17 .…”

Section: Low-energy Impact Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At higher loading rates cartilage deforms isochorically, and transmits more load to the underlying bone 23 . By removing some of the bone, we may have even altered the energy absorption properties of cartilage relative to those in vivo 17,23 .…”

Section: Limitations and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers applied various methods and imaging modalities, across length scales, to detect damage in cartilage. Macro-scale cracks and fissures in the solid matrix are commonly visualized using staining with India ink 11e15 or histological slices 7,16,17 . More advanced imaging techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 18e20 and micro-computed tomography (mCT) 21e23 have been used to investigate cracks in cartilage and in both cartilage and subchondral bone, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impact properties of cartilage relevant to human limits (and possibly clinical care) should be determined by testing human tissues, yet the majority of studies on impact-induced damage to cartilage used animal tissues, e.g., bovine 5,6,10,13,16,19 , equine 23,24,32 , porcine 17 , and leporine (rabbit) 15 . Current understanding of mechanical thresholds detrimental to human cartilage date back to Repo and Finlay 18 who found that impact loads generating stresses of approximately 25 MPa caused structural changes and chondrocyte death within human tibial cartilage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-energy impact of human cartilage: predictors for microcracking the network of collagen

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Drissi

et al. 2017

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Implantation of heat treatment Ti6al4v alloys in femoral bone of Wistar rats

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et al. 2022

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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Two heat treatments were carried out at below (Ti6Al4V800) and above (Ti6Al4V1050) the beta-phase transformation temperature (TTRANSUS = 980 °C), to study the effect of microstructural changes on osseointegration. The alloys were implanted in the femurs of hind legs of Wistar rats for 15, 30, and 60 days. Histology of the femur sections obtained for the first 15 days showed inflammatory tissue surrounding the implants and tissue contraction, which prevented osseointegration in early stages. After 30 days, trabecular bone, reduction of inflammatory tissue around the implants, and osseointegration were observed in Ti6Al4V as received and Ti6Al4V1050 alloys, while osseointegration was detected for the three alloys after 60 days. These results were supported through morphometric studies based on the analysis of Bone Implant Contact (BIC), where there was a larger bone contact after 60 days for the Ti6Al4V1050 alloy; indicating that microstructural features of the Ti6Al4V alloys influence their osseointegration, with the lamellar microstructure (Ti6Al4V1050), being the most responsive.

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Dynamic impact force and association with structural damage to the knee joint: An ex-vivo study

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

A Single Axial Impact Load Causes Articular Damage That Is Not Visible with Micro-Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study on Caprine Tibiotalar Joints

A Single Axial Impact Load Causes Articular Damage That Is Not Visible with Micro-Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study on Caprine Tibiotalar Joints

Low-energy impact of human cartilage: predictors for microcracking the network of collagen

Implantation of heat treatment Ti6al4v alloys in femoral bone of Wistar rats

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