Dynamic Impacts of Weather Alteration and Urbanization on Entomofauna Diversity in Urban Ecosystem: A Study in the Rohtak District at Tilyar Lake and Maharshi Dayanand University

Abstract

Climate change and urbanization are resulting in notable transformations to ecosystems, altering species distributions and interactions within food webs. This study utilized specific insect collection methods (pitfall traps, bottle traps, pan traps, double-sided tape) and identification techniques (citizen science, automated insect identification, field guides, mobile applications, dichotomous keys) to gather data on entomofauna diversity under varying weather conditions in urban areas (Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, and Tilyar Lake). By combining these approaches, a comprehensive assessment of insect diversity across different weather conditions was achieved. The impacts of weather and urbanization on entomofauna diversity are significant. Within the studied area, 73 insect species were documented in total, with the highest diversity consistently observed in spring. Summer exhibited the next highest diversity levels, while winter displayed comparatively lower diversity. These findings highlight the pronounced influence of seasonal variations and urbanization on the composition and abundance of insect populations. The results provide compelling evidence that both weather change and urbanization play major roles in shaping local insect diversity. These conclusions were further reinforced through calculations of relative diversity.