Dynamic integration and excision of filamentous phage XacF1 in <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> pv. <i>citri</i>, the causative agent of citrus canker disease

Ahmad, Abdelmonim Ali; Kawabe, Makoto; Askora, Ahmed; Kawasaki, Takeru; Fujie, Makoto; Yamada, Takashi

doi:10.1002/2211-5463.12312

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The pathogen survives in infested crop litter and soil, but its lifespan is uncertain and likely controlled by environmental variables. Wind-driven rain or irrigation from an infected source can spread infection (furrow or sprinkler) [ 4 , 9 ]. Tools, tractors, and other farm equipment can all spread Xcm , while bacterial blight in a field will be more severe if it emerges early in the season, particularly if plants are damaged at the seedling stage [ 4 , 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daytime temperatures of 90–100 °C and nocturnal temperatures of at least 62–68 °C are ideal for the formation and spread of bacterial blight throughout the season [ 4 ]. One Xcm infected seed out of 6000 is said to be enough to start a bacterial blight pandemic in a given field under ideal conditions [ 7 , 9 ]. Characterization and research of phenotypic diversity among Xanthomonas species isolated from various host plants, including cotton, has traditionally relied on non-DNA-based approaches such as physiological and biochemicals assays, and are still essential for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria to genus and species [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal boll rot can be caused by insect damage or opportunistic fungal infections, resulting in lint discoloration and seed contamination. Once fungal infections infiltrate the site and cause more boll rot, it can be difficult to tell whether a boll was originally infected by Xcm or another pathogen or insect [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Bacterial Perpetuation Assays and Plant Biomolecules Antimicrobial Activity against Cotton Blight Bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum; An Alternative Source for Food Production and Protection

Naqvi

Iqbal

-ur-Rehman

et al. 2022

Plants

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a global cash crop which has gained importance in earning foreign exchange for each country. Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonascitri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm) has been a seriousdisease in Pakistan’s cotton belt on multiple occasions. Bacterium was isolated and identified through various biochemical and diagnostic tests wherehypersensitivity reaction, Gram staining, KOH (potassium hydroxide), catalase, starch hydrolysis, lecithinase and Tween 80 hydrolysis tests confirmed bacterium as Gram-negative and plant pathogenic. Xcm perpetuation assays wereevaluated on various cotton varieties under glasshouse conditions in completely randomized design by three different methods, wherein the scratch method proved to be the best upon CIM-496 and showed 83.33% disease incidence as compared with the other two methods, where Bt-3701 responded with 53.33% incidence via the spray gun method, and 50% with the water splash method on CIM-616, as compared with the control. Similarly, for disease severity percentage, Bt-3701 was pragmatic with 47.21% through scratch method, whereas, in the spray gun method, 45.51% disease severity was noted upon Bt-802, and 31.27% was calculated on Cyto-179 through the water splash method. Owing to the unique antibacterial properties of aqueous plant extracts, the poison food technique showed Aloe vera, Mentha piperita, Syzygiumcumini and Azadirachta indica with 17.77, 29.33, 18.33 and 20.22 bacterial colonies counted on nutrient agarmedium petri plate, respectively, as compared with the control. Measurement of the inhibition zone by disk diffusion technique showed Mentha piperita, Syzygiumcumini, Citrus limon, Moringa oleifera and Syzygium aromaticum to present the most promising results by calculating the maximum diameter of the inhibition zone, viz., 8.58, 8.55, 8.52, 8.49 and 8.41 (mm), respectively, at the highest tested concentration (75 ppm, parts per million) compared with the control. It is probable that the decoction’s interaction with the pathogen population on the host plant will need to be considered in future experiments. However, at this moment, more research into the effective management of cotton bacterial blight by plant extracts in terms of concentration determination and development of biopesticides will provide future avenues to avoid environmental pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Bacterial Perpetuation Assays and Plant Biomolecules Antimicrobial Activity against Cotton Blight Bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum; An Alternative Source for Food Production and Protection

Naqvi

Iqbal

-ur-Rehman

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…On the other hand, the combination of phages and copper-mancozeb did not increase citrus canker control compared with copper-mancozeb alone (Balogh et al 2008). Interestingly, filamentous integrative phages like XacF1 decreased X. citri virulence (Ahmad et al 2014b(Ahmad et al , 2017, meaning that they could also be exploited as biocontrol agents for citrus canker.…”

Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 96%

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri: host interaction and control strategies

Martins

Andrade

Benedetti

et al. 2020

Trop. plant pathol.

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Citrus is one of the most ancient fruit crops cultivated in the world. For many countries, citrus production is an important source of revenues. However, despite the richness of citrus production worldwide, fruit yields are constantly threatened by diseases that cause serious economic and social impacts to growers and consumers. One such example is citrus canker, a disease that affects all commercial citrus varieties and for which there is no cure. Currently, control measures for citrus canker are restricted to the application of copper-based compounds and the elimination of infected trees to prevent pathogen spreading in the field. However, new alternatives for the control of this disease are being developed, spanning through transgenic plants to innovative chemicals and biological control. New genome editing approaches and a repertoire of plant defense-related genes have been exploited to produce citrus lineages more tolerant to X. citri. In addition, a series of new molecules have been tested to not only inhibit X. citri growth but to also boost the plant immune system to suppress disease progression. In this review, we provide the state of art of all citrus canker control measures in use today, highlighting their utility and drawbacks and commenting on novel strategies to better control this important citrus disease.

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“…Temperate phages such as XacF1, Cf2 and Xf109 (a X . oryzae phage) have also been described [ 24 – 26 ]. As of September/2021, however, the NCBI virus genome database ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi ) includes only 29 Xanthomonas phage genomes and several of them were isolated in species other than X .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of vB_XciM_LucasX, a new jumbo phage that infects Xanthomonas citri and Xanthomonas fuscans

et al. 2022

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Citrus canker is one of the main bacterial diseases that affect citrus crops and is caused by Xanthomonas citri which affects all citrus species worldwide. New strategies to control citrus canker are necessary and the use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agent could be an alternative. Phages that infect Xanthomonas species have been studied, such as XacN1, a myovirus that infects X. citri. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a new jumbo phage, vb_XciM_LucasX, which infects X. citri and X. fuscans. Transmission electron microscopy allowed classification of LucasX in the Myoviridae family, which was corroborated by its genomic sequencing, annotation, and proteome clustering. LucasX has a 305,651 bp-long dsDNA genome. ORF prediction and annotation revealed 157 genes encoding putative structural proteins such as capsid and tail related proteins and phage assembly associated proteins, however, for most of the structural proteins it was not possible assign specific functions. Its genome encodes several proteins related to DNA replication and nucleotide metabolism, five putative RNA polymerases, at least one homing endonuclease mobile element, a terminase large subunit (TerL), an endolysin and many proteins classified as beneficial to the host. Proteome clustering and phylogeny analyses showed that LucasX is a new jumbo phage having as its closest neighbor the Xanthomonas jumbo phage Xoo-sp14. LucasX presented a burst size of 40 PFU/infected cell of X. citri 306, was completely inactivated at temperatures above 50°C, presented survival lower than 25% after 80 s of exposition to artificial UV light and had practically no tolerance to concentrations above 2.5 g/L NaCl or 40% ethanol. LucasX presented optimum pH at 7 and a broad range of Xanthomonas hosts, infecting twenty-one of the twenty-three strains tested. Finally, the LucasX yield was dependent on the host strain utilized, resulting one order of magnitude higher in X. fuscans C 752 than in X. citri 306, which points out to the possibility of phage yield improvement, an usual challenge for biocontrol purposes.

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Dynamic integration and excision of filamentous phage XacF1 in Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, the causative agent of citrus canker disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluation of Bacterial Perpetuation Assays and Plant Biomolecules Antimicrobial Activity against Cotton Blight Bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum; An Alternative Source for Food Production and Protection

Evaluation of Bacterial Perpetuation Assays and Plant Biomolecules Antimicrobial Activity against Cotton Blight Bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum; An Alternative Source for Food Production and Protection

Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri: host interaction and control strategies

Isolation and characterization of vB_XciM_LucasX, a new jumbo phage that infects Xanthomonas citri and Xanthomonas fuscans

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