Dynamic line rating protection for wind farm connections

Yip, Tony; Aten, M.; Ferris, B.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Chang, An

doi:10.1049/cp.2009.0949

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…By factoring in the cooling effect of wind, a 10-20% increase in the minimum line rating can be expected in windy areas [12], while a wind speed of 6m/s can at maximum double the line rating compared to the nominal case [10]. A case study showed that applying DLR to the 132kV line between Skegness and Boston enabled the grid integration of 20-50% more wind generation than by using the more conservative NLR [13], while another case study applied DLR to a 130 kV regional network and also showed that DLR is significantly profitable in the ampacity upgrading of overhead lines [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of dynamic line rating on power dispatch performance and grid integration of renewable energy sources

Ulbig

Andersson

2013

IEEE PES ISGT Europe 2013

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Dynamic line rating (DLR) models the transmission capacity of overhead lines as a function of ambient conditions. It takes advantage of the physical thermal property of overhead line conductors, thus making DLR less conservative compared to the traditional worst-case oriented nominal line rating (NLR). Employing DLR brings potential benefits for grid integration of variable Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind and solar energy. In this paper, we reproduce weather conditions from renewable feed-ins and local temperature records, and calculate DLR in accordance with the RES feed-in and load demand data step. Simulations with high time resolution, using a predictive dispatch optimization and the Power Node modeling framework, of a six-node benchmark power system loosely based on the German power system are performed for the current situation, using actual wind and PV feed-in data. The integration capability of DLR under high RES production shares is inspected through simulations with scaledup RES profiles and reduced dispatchable generation capacity. The simulation result demonstrates a comparison between DLR and NLR in terms of reductions in RES generation curtailments and load shedding, while discussions on the practicality of adopting DLR in the current power system is given in the end.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of dynamic line rating on power dispatch performance and grid integration of renewable energy sources

Ulbig

Andersson

2013

IEEE PES ISGT Europe 2013

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“…P gen , ∆, ∆ are not optimization variables as they are fixed according to the solution to (5). The remedial actions ∆ + , ∆ − are communicated to the providers of reserves.…”

Section: B Operation Of Dlrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Corrective Control Measures in Power Systems With Dynamic Line Rating

Bucher¹,

Andersson²

2016

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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Dynamic Thermal Line Rating (DLR) is deemed to be an effective way to increase transmission capacities and therefore enabling additional operational flexibility. The transmission capacities are dynamically determined based on current or expected weather conditions. First pilot projects have proven its efficiency.In this paper we present two approaches to determine the location and amount of ramping capabilities for corrective control measures in the case of errors in the forecast of the line rating. Both approaches result in robust optimization problems, where the first approach guarantees that there is a suitable remedial action for every realization of uncertainty in a given uncertainty set. The corrective control action is calculated once the forecast error is known. The second approach relies on affine policies which directly relate the current line rating to corrective control measures, if needed, which enables a decentralized operation. In case studies, the two approaches are compared and the reduction of overall operational costs is demonstrated exemplarily for different parameters.I. INTRODUCTION Many power systems are currently undergoing fundamental changes. For example in Europe, the shares of fluctuating renewable energy sources are increasing for a sustainable electricity production and regional markets are merged together or coupled [1]. Both developments result in power flows over longer distances and power flow patterns changing more frequently. In order to guarantee a secure and reliable operation under these conditions, on one hand, the transmission system needs to be operated in a more flexible way and substantial increases in transmission capacities are essential. Network reinforcement is a possible remedy. The drawbacks are long licensing procedures and public opposition as well as high investment costs. Therefore also alternatives should be considered, i.e. methods are sought, that allow to use the full potential of transmission lines. One approach, Dynamic Line Rating (DLR), is to set the line ratings according to current meteorological conditions. Traditionally, the nominal line ratings (NLR) are based on different operational constraints, in the transmission system mainly on the thermal limitations for given worstcase weather conditions. By monitoring the thermal state of the transmission lines and considering meteorological conditions, dynamically adapted line ratings enable additional transmission capacity. One major challenge is to handle the uncertainty in the forecast of the ampacity. DLR has been investigated in different pilot projects, e.g.[2], and is considered by many grid operators in the development plans of their grids. In [3] the potential of dynamic line ratings with respect to the integration of fluctuating renewable energy sources is investigated. Other authors have shown how to operate DLR in combination with connections to wind farms [4]- [6]. In previous work [7], we have shown how dynamic line ratings can be incorporated in a probabilistically N-1 secure disp...

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“…Typically, there may be a summer rating and a winter rating for each transmission element, where the winter rating has colder ambient temperature, thus less heating and less sagging. Dynamic line limits are being explored to account for current environmental conditions (Bucher et al, 2013;Yip et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2002). W hile this system increases the granularity for system constraints, it still is a deterministic system that ignores the inherent uncertainty.…”

Section: A Transmission Congestion Dynamic Line Limits and Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Uncertainty into Reliability Constraints

Anderson¹

2015

The Electricity Journal

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General reliability issues are large relative to total electricity sales and large blackouts are disruptive to society. These costs are hidden from the system and distributed throughout the economy. New dispatch models are needed to account for these probabilistic risks and incorporate uncertainty into their operation. At the intersection of economic efficiency and reliability are dynamic line limits and transmission congestion, where these issues are explored.Eric Anderson B ulk power systems rely on dispatch models to clear the economic markets for power supply in a timely manner. These models are critical to ensure that the market is cleared while minimizing cost and maintaining a set of reliability constraints. In its most common form, the DC power flow model is used to clear markets for both real-time and day-ahead operation, where the day-ahead operation has the additional complexity of committing slow- This work was made possible throughResearch Assistant funding at University of Wisconsin -Madison by the author's advisor Jeff Linderoth through grants with the Department of Energy. Thanks are given for discussions of related work with Jeff Linderoth and Jim Luedtke, which were extremely valuable.

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Dynamic line rating protection for wind farm connections

Cited by 46 publications

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Impacts of dynamic line rating on power dispatch performance and grid integration of renewable energy sources

Impacts of dynamic line rating on power dispatch performance and grid integration of renewable energy sources

Robust Corrective Control Measures in Power Systems With Dynamic Line Rating

Incorporating Uncertainty into Reliability Constraints

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