Dynamic material flow analysis of nickel and chromium associated with steel materials by using matrace

Abstract

-A stable supply of alloy elements is essential for steel production, and strategic management of alloy elements is important not only for the steel industry, but for every manufacturing industry However, in the current recycling system, steel scrap is mainly used as a source of iron. When scrap contains large amounts of alloy elements, they were regarded simply as impurities and dissipated Material flow analyses are useful tools for investigating material cycles and reveal important information about the structural problems including dissipation or inefficient usage of target material In this study, dynamic material flow analysis of alloy elements associated with steel materials, especially Ni and Cr was conducted using MaTrace model. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dissipation of Ni and Cr in Japan and the potential to reduce dissipation of Ni and Cr. We determined that 45.7% of Ni, and 81.0% of Cr is dissipated into physical losses and that 14.3% of Ni and 9% of Cr is lost as quality loss over 100 years The main causes of the dissipation are the low recovery rate of scrap from end of life products for Ni, the low yield of refining processes for Cr and the low horizontal recycling rate of special steel excluding Ni-type stainless steel for both elements.

Closing the loop on platinum from catalytic converters: Contributions from material flow analysis and circularity indicators

“…Material flow analysis, also known as material flow accounting, is a systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within a system defined in space and time (Brunner & Rechberger, 2003). It has become one of the most acknowledged tools in the industrial ecology field to control material use and industrial processes, as well as to create loop-closing industrial practices (Takeyama et al, 2016). MFA is thus an efficient tool to map material flows and stocks across the economy (Nansai et al, 2014;Bollinger et al, 2012;Mathieux & Brissaud, 2010).…”

An estimation of the amount of dissipated alloy elements in special steel from automobile recycling

“…It also takes into consideration the scrap quality and losses incurred during conversion processes [9]. Takeyama et al [10] extended the scope of this original model to multiple materials, including steel, Ni, and Cr. However, scenario analyses using MaTrace, to evaluate the impacts of reusing products and components, are still lacking.…”

“…This issue has also been noted in the material flow analysis (MFA) field. Current open-loop recycling of metals is always associated with losses of quality and functionality of the recovered materials compared to the primary materials, dissipation of alloying elements, and dilution losses when contaminants in secondary metals must be diluted with virgin resources to an acceptable level [8][9][10]. In this study, the term "openloop recycling" refers to the cascade approach for recycling, that is, the recycled material is sent to other product systems and its inherent properties are changed (e.g., lowered mechanical performance).…”

“…Ohno et al [8] quantified the amounts and losses of recyclable Cr, Ni, and Mo in steel during ELV recycling by using waste inputoutput MFA (WIO-MFA). Takeyama et al [10] applied the material-trace (MaTrace) model built by Nakamura et al [9] to evaluate the losses of Ni and Cr associated with steel recycling, and the possibility of reducing the loss of these alloy elements by implementing scrap sorting technologies. Furthermore, Nakamura et al [17] developed the MaTracealloy model by focusing on linkages within materials, and applied it to quantify the losses of the steel alloying elements Cr and Ni over the multiple life cycles of products, along with compositional details among different products and alloys under alternative sorting schemes.…”

Assessing circularity interventions: a review of EEIOA-based studies

“…In a study investigating the distribution of metals over time along the supply chain, Nakamura et al (2014) Takeyama et al (2016) study of alloying steel elements in Japan. They applied MaTrace framework to demonstrate the potential reduction in alloying elements dissipation.…”