Dynamic Measurement of Well Inclination Based on UKF and Correlation Extraction

Yang, Hai; Rao, Yue; Li, Li; Liang, Haibo; Luo, Tao; Luo, Bin

doi:10.1109/jsen.2020.3029892

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The developments in consumer electronics over the past decade have resulted in a competitive offering of low-cost, high-performance accelerometer chips. In conditions with low to zero acceleration, these sensors can be used for discontinuous inclination sensing by measuring Earth’s gravity along three axes [ 34 ]. The intention is to regularly measure soil deformation and not to continuously monitor the ambient seismicity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power, Flexible Sensor Arrays with Solderless Board-to-Board Connectors for Monitoring Soil Deformation and Temperature

Wielandt

Uhlemann

Fiolleau

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Landslides are a global and frequent natural hazard, affecting many communities and infrastructure networks. Technological solutions are needed for long-term, large-scale condition monitoring of infrastructure earthworks or natural slopes. However, current instruments for slope stability monitoring are often costly, require a complex installation process and/or data processing schemes, or have poor resolution. Wireless sensor networks comprising low-power, low-cost sensors have been shown to be a crucial part of landslide early warning systems. Here, we present the development of a novel sensing approach that uses linear arrays of three-axis accelerometers for monitoring changes in sensor inclination, and thus the surrounding soil’s deformation. By combining these deformation measurements with depth-resolved temperature measurements, we can link our data to subsurface thermal–hydrological regimes where relevant. In this research, we present a configuration of cascaded I2C sensors that (i) have ultra-low power consumption and (ii) enable an adjustable probe length. From an electromechanical perspective, we developed a novel board-to-board connection method that enables narrow, semi-flexible sensor arrays and a streamlined assembly process. The low-cost connection method relies on a specific FR4 printed circuit board design that allows board-to-board press fitting without using electromechanical components or solder connections. The sensor assembly is placed in a thin, semi-flexible tube (inner diameter 6.35 mm) that is filled with an epoxy compound. The resulting sensor probe is connected to an AA-battery-powered data logger with wireless connectivity. We characterize the system’s electromechanical properties and investigate the accuracy of deformation measurements. Our experiments, performed with probes up to 1.8 m long, demonstrate long-term connector stability, as well as probe mechanical flexibility. Furthermore, our accuracy analysis indicates that deformation measurements can be performed with a 0.390 mm resolution and a 95% confidence interval of ±0.73 mm per meter of probe length. This research shows the suitability of low-cost accelerometer arrays for distributed soil stability monitoring. In comparison with emerging low-cost measurements of surface displacement, our approach provides depth-resolved deformation, which can inform about shallow sliding surfaces.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power, Flexible Sensor Arrays with Solderless Board-to-Board Connectors for Monitoring Soil Deformation and Temperature

Wielandt

Uhlemann

Fiolleau

et al. 2022

Sensors

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show abstract

“…If the latitude and longitude are immovable, the dot product of the two vectors is constant. The two vectors can be expressed as in equation (5). Figure 1 shows the detailed geometric relationship between the bivectors.…”

Section: Geometric Relation Of Bi-vectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the magnetized system must be recalibrated in a non-magnetic environment before running again [4]. The main factors for the precision degradation of magnetometers are hard iron, soft iron, and a system circuit, which would affect the normal output of the magnetic sensor [5]. Therefore, inclinometer calibration is an important step in engineering applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bi-vector calibrated algorithm of fiber optic gyroscopes aided magnetometers based on inclinometer

Ji,

Zhang,

Lin

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Inclinometers based on magnetometers are widely applied in oil and gas well measurements and have poor anti-interference ability. Affected by the drilling tools and stratum, the magnetized inclinometer will cause the output deviation of three-axis magnetometer. Therefore, periodic calibration before engineering applications is a necessary operation process. Fiber optic gyroscopes, with their characteristics of high precision and anti-interference, complement the advantages of magnetometers, which have improved the precision and reliability of the borehole attitude. In addition, a navigation grade three-axis fiber optic gyroscope provides convenience for periodic calibration of magnetometer. Consequently, a bi-vector field correction method based on a fiber-optic gyroscope and magnetometer inclinometer is presented in this study. First, the geometric relation between the seven elements of the geomagnetic field and Earth’s angular velocity was deduced with reference to the right-hand criterion. Second, a bi-vector field error compensation model was established. Finally, the simulation and experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed calibration method.

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“…for l = 0: Nv − 1 (1) The optimal solutions of the predicted error covariance and measurement noise matrices. The DOF and inverse scale matrix of P(t + k ) in iteration l + 1 are updated by using Equation (22). The update of the DOF and the inverse scale matrix of R k in iteration l + 1: Case 1.1 updated by using Equations ( 24) and ( 25).…”

Section: Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome the influence of truncation error, improved UKF-algorithm-based unscented transformation and UKF-based algorithms are proposed as maximum correlation entropy-based UKF and adaptive UKF, respectively [20][21][22]. For MEMS-grade INS, UKF is more adaptable to highly nonlinear models than EKF [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Switched Variational Estimation Algorithm for Continuous Discrete Measurement Information Loss in Underwater Navigation: Linear versus Nonlinear

2022

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In various applications of automatic underwater vehicles (AUVs), it is necessary to acquire the real-time location and speed information of the AUV. However, the complicated and fluctuating marine environment leads to measurement information loss. The accuracy of noise measurement is vital for accurate state estimation, but it is difficult for traditional algorithms to acquire time-varying noise measurements. Due to inaccurate process models and measurement noise, the filtering performance becomes poor or even diverges. To address the problems above, a switched variational estimation filtering (SVEF) algorithm, which combines the advantages of both Gaussian filtering and the variational estimation (VE) method, is proposed. In SVEF, VE is embedded into a linear or nonlinear filtering algorithm. Owing to the continuous discrete underwater navigation model, the state vector is estimated by the SVEF in the case of measurement information loss, and the accurate position and velocity of the AUV are determined. The experimental results prove that the SVEF achieves better positioning precision and is more robust than other conventional algorithms for AUV applications.

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Dynamic Measurement of Well Inclination Based on UKF and Correlation Extraction

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Low-Power, Flexible Sensor Arrays with Solderless Board-to-Board Connectors for Monitoring Soil Deformation and Temperature

Low-Power, Flexible Sensor Arrays with Solderless Board-to-Board Connectors for Monitoring Soil Deformation and Temperature

A bi-vector calibrated algorithm of fiber optic gyroscopes aided magnetometers based on inclinometer

A Switched Variational Estimation Algorithm for Continuous Discrete Measurement Information Loss in Underwater Navigation: Linear versus Nonlinear

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