Dynamic Mechanical Behavior, Solvent Resistance and Thermal Degradation of Nitrile Rubber Composites With Carbon Black‐Halloysite Nanotube Hybrid Fillers

Abstract

In this work, nitrile rubber (NBR) conventional composites containing 70 phr carbon black (CB) is taken for study. New NBR hybrid composites containing 60 phr of CB and varied halloysite nanotube (HNT) loading of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 phr were developed. Experimental investigations were carried out to study the synergistic effect of CB and HNT on the dynamical mechanical properties, solvent resistance, thermal stability and degradation kinetics of NBR hybrid composites. Morphological analysis using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed the presence of intercalated structures and formation of local CB‐HNT filler network in the NBR matrix. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of hybrid composites were raised with the addition of HNT which indicates strong interfacial adhesion between NBR–CB–HNT. Dynamic mechanical analysis and solvent uptake studies revealed that replacement of 10 phr CB by 6 phr HNT in hybrid composites improved the storage modulus by 44% at 30°C and solvent resistance by 29%, respectively. Most importantly, the incorporation of HNT could effectively improve the thermal stability of the NBR hybrid composites according to thermogravimetric analysis and oxidation induction time studies. The activation energy of the thermal decomposition of the hybrid composites increased with the addition of HNT. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1612–E1621, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Investigation on the mechanical and ageing properties of acrylic rubber reinforced halloysite nanotubes/carbon black hybrid composites

“…The ascertained prominent shift signifies the formation of limited intercalated structures and can be ascribed to (i) inter tubular diffusion of particles of CB and ACM rubber into lumen of HNT and (ii) curatives adsorption in the galleries of HNT. Analogous results are confirmed in the studies on NBR and NBR/PVC composites reinforced with HNT and CB fillers 14–16 and HNT filled EPDM composites. 27 However the absence of peaks in the XRD curve of CB filled ACM composite within the range of 2θ of 1–15° can be attributed to the amorphous nature of ACM rubber and the characteristic length of CB ordering beyond such range respectively.…”

“…29 Formation of analogous hydrogen bonding and entangled structures has contributed to noteworthy tensile strength results in NBR-CB-HNT and NBR/PVC-CB-HNT composites. 14–16…”

“…The authors in their earlier reports have presented that substantial HNT-CB interactions have resulted in better mechanical properties, solvent resistance, dynamic mechanical characteristics and thermal stability in nitrile rubber and NBR/PVC rubber composites. 14–16 Thepsuwan et al 17 have reported exceptional wet skid performance and fuel consumption efficiency in SBR Compounds filled with CB/silica/HNT hybrid fillers.…”

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“…At temperatures of 320-330 °C, the weight of vulcanized composites starts to decrease drastically. Such behavior is typical for NBR and NBR bases composites [38,39]. As a result of low-temperature carbonization, the thermal stability of the material increases significantly.…”

Feasibility of segmented concrete in wind turbine tower: Numerical studies on its mechanical performance

“…However, different types of rubber have different components and have large differences in mechanical properties. For example, the elastic modulus of nitrile rubber at room temperature is about 10 MPa (Krishnamurthy and Balakrishnan, 2019).…”