Dynamic mechanical properties of intact human cervical spine ligaments

Ivancic, Paul C.; Coe, Marcus P.; Ndu, Anthony; Tominaga, Yoshihiro; Carlson, Erik J.; Rubin, Wolfgang; Dipl-Ing, F.H.; Panjabi, Manohar M.

doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2006.10.014

Cited by 57 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Ten previous studies have been conducted on cervical spine ligament material properties to failure under tensile loads; four at quasi-static strain rates Pintar, 1986;Chazal et al, 1985;Przybylski et al, 1996;Yoganandan et al, 1998;Yoganandan et al, 2000), three at high strain rates (Ivancic et al, 2007;Bass et al, 2007;Shim et al, 2005), one at both quasi-static and high rates and two conducted solely on craniovertebral ligaments . It should be noted that in two cases, results were published from the same study in different articles; Yoganandan et al (1998Yoganandan et al ( , 2000 published two articles, and Myklebust et al (1988) published results from Pintar's PhD thesis (1986).…”

Section: General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that in two cases, results were published from the same study in different articles; Yoganandan et al (1998Yoganandan et al ( , 2000 published two articles, and Myklebust et al (1988) published results from Pintar's PhD thesis (1986). Average cadaver ages used in the studies had a wide range from the youngest of 49 (37 to 53) years old (only craniovertebral ligaments were tested; , to the oldest of 81 (71 to 92) years old (Ivancic et al, 2007).…”

Section: General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When ligaments are modeled as continuous structures along the vertebral column, data from endplate to endplate defined ligaments would insufficiently represent the ligament overlying the vertebral body (Yoganandan et al, 2001). The remaining studies do not report ligament dimensions as results are only reported as force-elongation data, so initial lengths are not needed Ivancic et al, 2007). …”

Section: General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have been conducted on isolated cervical spine ligaments to identify tensile behaviours ranging from quasi-static strain rates Chazal et al, 1985;Przybylski et al, 1996;Yoganandan et al, 1998;Yoganandan et al, 2000) to high strain rates Ivancic et al, 2007;Bass et al, 2007;Shim et al, 2005). This data has provided an excellent background on cervical spine ligament behavior.…”

Section: Motivation For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This data has provided an excellent background on cervical spine ligament behavior. However, it has been shown that mechanical properties of the spine deteriorate with increasing age Cowin et al, 2007;Neumann et al, 1992;Iida et al, 2002;Tkaczuk, 1968;Nachemson et al, 1968), and existing ligament data has only been reported from cadaver specimens ranging from the youngest of 55 ±5 years (Chazal et al, 1985) to the oldest of 81 ±11 years (Ivancic et al, 2007).…”

Section: Motivation For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain rate dependent properties of younger human cervical spine ligaments

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Section: General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivation For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivation For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Strain rate dependent properties of younger human cervical spine ligaments

Mattucci

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et al. 2012

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Biological responses to flexion/extension in spinal segments ex‐vivo

Hartman

Yurube

Ngo

et al. 2015

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Mechanical loading is a salient factor in the progression of spinal disorders that contribute to back pain. Biological responses to loading modes like flexion/extension (F/E) in relevant spinal tissues remain unstudied. A novel, multi-axial experimental system was developed to subject viable functional spinal units (FSUs) to complex, in-situ loading. The objective was to determine biological effects of F/E in multiple spinal tissues-annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, facet cartilage, and ligamentum flavum. Rabbit lumbar FSUs were mounted in a bioreactor within a robotic testing system. FSUs underwent small (0.17/0.05 Nm) and large (0.5/ 0.15 Nm) range-of-motion F/E for 1 or 2 h of cycling. Outcomes in each tissue, compared to unloaded FSUs, included (i) relative mRNA expression of catabolic (MMP-1, 3 and ADAMTS-5), pro-inflammatory (COX-2), and anabolic (ACAN) genes and (ii) immunoblotting of aggrecan degradation. Total energy applied to FSUs increased in groups subject to large range-of-motion and 2-h cycling, and moment relaxation was higher with large range-of-motion. F/E significantly modulated MMP1,-3 and COX-2 in facet cartilage and MMP-3 and ACAN in annulus fibrosus. Large range-of-motion loading increased MMP-mediated aggrecan fragmentation in annulus fibrosus. Biological responses to complex loading ex vivo showed variation among spinal tissues that reflect tissue structure and mechanical loading in F/E. ß

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Anteroposterior shear stiffness of the upper thoracic spine at quasi‐static and dynamic loading rates—An in vitro biomechanical study

Yamamoto

Dias

Street

et al. 2021

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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To evaluate the biomechanical properties of the upper thoracic spine in anterior–posterior shear loading at various displacement rates. These data broaden our understanding of thoracic spine biomechanics and inform efforts to model the spine and spinal cord injuries. Seven T1–T2 thoracic functional spinal units were loaded non‐destructively by a pure shear force up to 200 N, starting from a neutral posture. Tests were run in both posterior and anterior directions, at displacement rates of 1, 10, and 100 mm/s. The three‐dimensional motion of the specimen was recorded at 1000 Hz. Individual and averaged load–displacement curves were generated and specimen stiffnesses were calculated. Due to a nonlinear response of the specimens, stiffness was defined separately for both the lower half and the upper half of the specimen range of motion. Specimens were significantly stiffer in the anterior direction than in the posterior direction, across all rates. At low displacements, the anterior stiffness averaged 230 N/mm, 76% higher than the low displacement posterior stiffness of 131 N/mm. At high displacements, anterior stiffness averaged 258 N/mm, 51% stiffer than the high displacement posterior stiffness of 171 N/mm. Shear displacement rate had a small effect on the load response, with the 100 mm/s rate causing a mildly stiffer response at low displacements in the anterior direction. Overall, the load–displacement response exhibited pseudo‐quadratic behavior at 1 and 10 mm/s but became more linear at 100 mm/s. The shear stiffness in the upper thoracic spine is greatest in the anterior loading direction, being 51%–76% greater than posterior, most likely due to facet interactions. The effect of the shear displacement rate is low.

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Dynamic mechanical properties of intact human cervical spine ligaments

Abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT-Most previous studies have investigated ligaments mechanical properties at slow elongation rates of less than 25 mm/s.

Cited by 57 publications

References 28 publications

Strain rate dependent properties of younger human cervical spine ligaments

Strain rate dependent properties of younger human cervical spine ligaments

Biological responses to flexion/extension in spinal segments ex‐vivo

Anteroposterior shear stiffness of the upper thoracic spine at quasi‐static and dynamic loading rates—An in vitro biomechanical study

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