Dynamic mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene/nitrile rubber blends: Effects of blend ratio, reactive compatibilization, and dynamic vulcanization

George, Snooppy; Neelakantan, N. R.; Varughese, K. T.; Thomas, Sabu

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(199710)35:14<2309::aid-polb11>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 97 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…While the improvement in the storage modulus of glassy region is associated with the irradiation induced crosslinks, the decrease upon reaching transition region was associated with the loss of crystalline zone of EVA in the blend due to irradiation. In a semicrystalline polymer, contribution to storage modulus, above the glass transition temperature is associated with the crystalline region of the polymer (Mohamad et al, 2006, George et al, 1997, John et al, 2003. Irradiation induced redistribution of RTR, decreases the crystallinity of EVA in 50RTR blend, hence, a drop in the storage modulus was noted.…”

Section: Dsc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Ramarad

Ratnam

Khalid

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Non-degradable waste tire generation around the world is growing at an alarming rate. Diversifying the recycling route of these waste tires is essential to solve the problem. One way is to incorporate them into polymers and convert them into new products. However, incorporation of ground tire rubber into thermoplastics has been hampered due to lack of toughness and adhesion between phases. To address the issue, this study utilized reclaimed waste tire rubber (RTR) instead; and evaluated the properties of RTR and poly(ethyleneco-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blends. The properties of the RTR/EVA blends were further enhanced by compatibilization and electron beam irradiation.Processing, mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of RTR were tremendously improved by blending with EVA. However, the interfacial adhesion was found to lack in the blends. Compatibilization by reactive, physical and combination strategies were explored utilizing (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxy silane (APS), liquid styrene butadiene rubber (LR) and maleated EVA (MAEVA), respectively. APS and MAEVA were found to be the most and least favourable compatibilizer, respectively. Apart from functioning as reactive compatibilizer, APS also reclaimed the RTR phase further. These lead to improved dispersion of smaller RTR phase in EVA matrix and enhanced the interfacial adhesion.Electron beam irradiation revealed the presence of radical stabilizing and scavenging additives within RTR which retards the crosslinking process in RTR and RTR/EVA blends. Though chain scissions were predominant; study showed the replacement of S-S and S-C bonds with stronger and stiffer C-C bonds ensures the retention of RTR and RTR/EVA blends properties upon irradiation.Compatibilization of RTR/EVA blend by APS (50RTR/5APS) also improved the crosslinking efficiency. However, the blend still suffered from oxidative degradation from irradiation in air. Radiation sensitizers, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) and N,N-1,3Phenylene Bismaleimide (HVA2), were used to accelerate the irradiation induced crosslinking in RTR and 50RTR/5APS blends. Presence of radiation sensitizers leads to simultaneous improvement in toughness and tensile strength of RTR and 50RTR/5APS blends. Elastic capacity of RTR phase was restored and interfacial adhesion enhanced in the presence of radiation sensitizers.iii

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Section: Dsc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Ramarad

Ratnam

Khalid

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In pure rubbers (NBRacrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) the storage modulus exhibits a more drastic fall around the relaxation temperature than do hard plastics. [44] It can be seen from Figure 2 (corresponding values are reported in Table 3) that for the copolymer B-11 the modulus at 150 8C drops to a much lower value compared to that of B-9.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It may be stated that the behaviour of a copolymer rich in butyl acrylate is analogous to rubbers such as NBR and identical to plastics with increased acrylonitrile content. [44] Secondly, the magnitude of the tan d value could be used to predict the damping behaviour of the material. [45] This property is important in material selection, for example in tyres, as higher values of damping lead to excessive heat generation and failure.…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Copolymer Composition on the Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Butyl Acrylate‐Acrylonitrile Copolymers

Suresh

Sitaramam

Raju

2003

Macro Materials & Eng

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This article reports data on the dynamic mechanical and thermal behaviour of butyl acrylate‐acrylonitrile copolymers and their variation with copolymer composition. The copolymers were prepared by emulsion polymerisation techniques, using potassium peroxodisulfate initiator at 80 ± 2 °C. Films were prepared from the latex by casting and analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For copolymer with 0.7 weight fraction of butyl acrylate the dynamic mechanical behaviour was identical to the synthetic rubber NBR (acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber), such that the storage modulus shows a rapid decay with increasing temperature. The damping characteristics, as indicated by the tan δ value, increased as the weight fraction of butyl acrylate in the copolymer increased. The dynamic mechanical data has been analysed with the WLF‐Equation to study the time‐temperature relationship. The dynamic mechanical properties and glass transition data point to the formation of a copolymer, whose properties vary with acrylonitrile content. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that weight loss occurring at a particular temperature decreases, along with the decomposition rate, with increase in acrylonitrile content. The activation energy (Ea) for the decomposition was calculated using the Coats & Redfern equation. When temperatures for 10% copolymer decomposition are compared from TGA data, the acrylonitrile rich copolymer starts decomposing at a lower temperature, but the rate of decomposition is slower and yields higher char yields.Effect of copolymer composition on the variation of tan δ (max) at a measuring frequency of 1 Hz.magnified imageEffect of copolymer composition on the variation of tan δ (max) at a measuring frequency of 1 Hz.

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“…These PZT/PVDF composites could be widely applied in microelectronics devices fields. However, due to the lack of mechanical resistance and no flexibility, the combination of PZT particles with PVDF in micro scale is very difficult [11][12][13]. One of the most important key points of PZT/PVDF hybrid composites is to improve the interface of PZT in the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Coupling Agents on the Structure and Electrical Properties of PZT-Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Composites

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2016

Applied Sciences

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Piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT)-Poly (vinylidene fluoride) composites were prepared by the hot-pressing method. Before addition, PZT particles were firstly modified with two different coupling agents. The micromorphology, microstructure, dielectric properties, and piezoelectric properties of the composites were characterized and investigated. Results indicated that PZT particles were homogeneously dispersed in the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix by the addition of coupling agents. The electric properties of PZT-PVDF composites with NDZ-101 were the best. Especially when the volume ratio of the titanate coupling agent NDZ-101 was 1%, the piezoelectric strain constant d 33 of PZT-PVDF composites reached maximum value 19.23 pC/N; its relative dielectric constant ε r was 67.45; at the same time its dielectric loss tan δ was 0.0766.

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Dynamic mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene/nitrile rubber blends: Effects of blend ratio, reactive compatibilization, and dynamic vulcanization

Cited by 97 publications

References 10 publications

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Effect of Copolymer Composition on the Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Butyl Acrylate‐Acrylonitrile Copolymers

Effects of Coupling Agents on the Structure and Electrical Properties of PZT-Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Composites

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