Dynamic micro-torque transducer

Shuck, L.Z.; Fogle, John L.; Haynes, R R

doi:10.1007/bf02329039

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Before that, however, it is noteworthy to mention that it is still very difficult to characterize the brain mechanical property accurately because characterization of the brain tissue highly depends on the definitions, tools and procedures used 18 . For example, it has been shown that the brain exhibits an anisotropic behavior; additionally, the white matter has more heterogeneity than the gray matter 19 35 36 . The shear moduli of the grey and white matter have been reported differently in various studies 22 23 37 38 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Last but not the least, it is worthwhile to mention that in the application of analytical and computational models there are some simplifications and assumptions which impose limitations to the results. In our model, the cortex and the core of the brain are assumed to be isotropic while in the real brain both grey and white matter show anisotropic properties 35 36 . For example, the anisotropy of the core (white matter) has been modeled by a stretch driven property to mimic the axons contribution to the deformation of the developing brain 17 23 , while the assumption cannot exactly cover the role of the axons and glial cells on the regulation of convolution patterns in a developing cerebral cortex 46 47 50 51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cortical Folding Pattern and its Consistency Induced by Biological Growth

Razavi

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Cortical folding, characterized by convex gyri and concave sulci, has an intrinsic relationship to the brain’s functional organization. Understanding the mechanism of the brain’s convoluted patterns can provide useful clues into normal and pathological brain function. In this paper, the cortical folding phenomenon is interpreted both analytically and computationally, and, in some cases, the findings are validated with experimental observations. The living human brain is modeled as a soft structure with a growing outer cortex and inner core to investigate its developmental mechanism. Analytical interpretations of differential growth of the brain model provide preliminary insight into critical growth ratios for instability and crease formation of the developing brain. Since the analytical approach cannot predict the evolution of cortical complex convolution after instability, non-linear finite element models are employed to study the crease formation and secondary morphological folds of the developing brain. Results demonstrate that the growth ratio of the cortex to core of the brain, the initial thickness, and material properties of both cortex and core have great impacts on the morphological patterns of the developing brain. Lastly, we discuss why cortical folding is highly correlated and consistent by presenting an intriguing gyri-sulci formation comparison.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Folding Pattern and its Consistency Induced by Biological Growth

Razavi

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…History of microtorque measurements goes back four decades, Shenfel'd [8]. Shuck et al [9] reports characteristics of a torque transducer developed to measure sinusoidally oscillating torques from 10 −6 lb in. to 1.0 lb in.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for measuring and calibrating resistive microtorque of a mechanical microcounter

Acar

Atterbury

Fisher

et al. 2009

Precision Engineering

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“…At present, large-scale servos are mainly tested using electric and electro-hydraulic servo load simulators [ 1 ], while mechanical load simulators are widely used in small servo testing because of their high loading accuracy, small residual torque [ 5 , 6 ], small size, low manufacturing cost, simple structure, and easy maintenance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Spring Creep Based on the Load Simulator of the Double Torsion Spring Steering Gear

2023

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In this paper, creep at room temperature is studied using a mechanical double−spring steering−gear load table, and the results are used to determine the accuracy of theoretical and simulated data. A creep equation at room temperature, based on the parameters obtained by a new macroscopic tensile experiment method, is used to analyze the creep strain and creep angle of a spring under force. The correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by a finite−element method. Finally, a creep strain experiment of a torsion spring is carried out. The experimental results are 4.3% lower than the theoretical calculation results, which demonstrates the accuracy of the measurement, with an error of <5% achieved. The results shows that the equation used for the theoretical calculation is highly accurate and can meet the requirements of engineering measurement.

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Dynamic micro-torque transducer

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Cortical Folding Pattern and its Consistency Induced by Biological Growth

Cortical Folding Pattern and its Consistency Induced by Biological Growth

A method for measuring and calibrating resistive microtorque of a mechanical microcounter

Research on the Spring Creep Based on the Load Simulator of the Double Torsion Spring Steering Gear

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