“…As the mathematical models of thermal effects have not been well established, for more than a decade, many researchers have relied on finite element methods to analyze heat transfer of motors and the environment [46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. Some of the research efforts include electromagnetic and temperature distribution on a two-dimensional case [46], thermal network with losses [47], field-circuit coupling methods [48], simulation of an electrical and thermal coupling using air gaps approximated with equivalent conductive values [49], simulations of eddy current heat sources [50], temperature effects on eddy current generation [51], simulation and temperature profile of motors [52] and computational fluid dynamics and thermal simulation of motors [53,54]. Dajaku and Gerking [55] developed an improved lumped parameter thermal model for electrical machines.…”