“…One approach that has been proposed to improve the performance of a trickle bed reactor is to operate in a periodic regime, whereby the flow rate of the gas or liquid feed is increased periodically (Silveston, Hudgins, & Renken, 1995). Numerical models have been presented to describe this periodic operation (Dietrich, Gr€ unewald, & Agar, 2005;Kouris, Neophytides, Vayenas, & Tsamopoulos, 1998); however, such models require an accurate description of the dynamic behaviour of flow of liquid and gas over the catalyst particles. MRI studies of periodic operation demonstrate that periodic operation leads to a heterogeneous distribution of liquid contacting in the pores of the reactor (Anadon, 2006;Lim, Sederman, Gladden, & Stitt, 2004).…”