Dynamic Modes in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Band Excitation and G-Mode

Jesse, Stephen; Collins, Liam; Neumayer, Sabine M.; Somnath, Suhas; Kalinin, Sergei V.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75687-5_3

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 161 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The BE method is an alternative to traditional single frequency LIA detection which operates by exciting and detecting response at all frequencies within a specified frequency range simultaneously [87,617]. A schematic of single frequency and BE excitation and response signal in Fourier and time domains is shown in figure 27.…”

Section: Band Excitation-kpfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently BE-KPFM has been realized in many different forms including the half harmonic (HH)BE approach [382,617], a voltage spectroscopy mode referred to as open loop band excitation (OLBE) [288], force volume (FV)BE-KPFM [323], as well as being BE-KPFM with photothermal excitation [365]. The basic idea for all of these modes is that electrostatic interactions are captured through monitoring the response of the cantilever resonance peak to an applied VM (either pure ac (e.g.…”

Section: Band Excitation-kpfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fundamental mechanisms of energy storage, corrosion, sensing, and multiple biological functionalities are directly coupled to electrical processes and ionic dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces. In many cases, these processes are spatially inhomogeneous taking place at grain boundaries, step edges, point defects, ion channels, etc and possess complex time and voltage dependent dynamics. This necessitates time-resolved and real-space probing of these phenomena. In this review, we discuss the applications of force-sensitive voltage modulated scanning probe microscopy (SPM) for probing electrical phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces. We first describe the working principles behind electrostatic and Kelvin probe force microscopies (EFM & KPFM) at the gas-solid interface, review the state of the art in advanced KPFM methods and developments to (i) overcome limitations of classical KPFM, (ii) expand the information accessible from KPFM, and (iii) extend KPFM operation to liquid environments. We briefly discuss the theoretical framework of electrical double layer (EDL) forces and dynamics, the implications and breakdown of classical EDL models for highly charged interfaces or under high ion concentrations, and describe recent modifications of the classical EDL theory relevant for understanding nanoscale electrical measurements at the solid-liquid interface. We further review the latest achievements in mapping surface charge, dielectric constants, and electrodynamic and electrochemical processes in liquids. Finally, we outline the key challenges and opportunities that exist in the field of nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid as well as providing a roadmap for the future development of liquid KPFM.

show abstract

Section: Band Excitation-kpfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Band Excitation-kpfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This limits the applicability of KPFM methods for understanding charge dynamics (e.g., ion migration/diffusion) and/or electrochemical processes (e.g., faradaic processes, charge injection). Meanwhile, the importance of extracting dynamic information on local processes, in applications involving devices including solar cells, batteries, fuel cells, and electronics, has driven the development of time-resolved (tr) KPFM methods. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the importance of extracting dynamic information on local processes, in applications involving devices including solar cells, batteries, fuel cells, and electronics, has driven the development of timeresolved (tr) KPFM methods. 29,30 In this work, we implement hyperspectral (HS-) KPFM capable of simultaneously capturing the time-and biasdependent charge-transport processes and local reactivity at the solid−gas interface. This technique operates in an important temporal range (10 −4 −10 0 s) between traditional KPFM (10 −1 ) and the recently developed ultrafast KPFM methods (10 −6 −10 −9 s), 29,31 such as pump probe, 32 intermodulation, 33 and G-Mode KPFM 34 (see Supporting Information, Table S1).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Charge Transport and Nanoscale Electrochemistry by Hyperspectral Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy

Collins

Vasudevan

Sehirlioglu

2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Charge-transport and electrochemical processes are heavily influenced by the local microstructure. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a widely used technique to map electrochemical potentials at the nanometer scale; however, it offers little information on local charge dynamics. Here, we implement a hyperspectral KPFM approach for spatially mapping bias-dependent charge dynamics in timescales ranging from the sub-millisecond to the second regime. As a proof of principle, we investigate the role mobile surface charges play in a three-unit-cell LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxide heterostructure. We explore machine learning approaches to assist with visualization, pattern recognition, and interpretation of the information-rich data sets. Linear unmixing methods reveal hidden bias-dependent interfacial processes, most likely water splitting, which are essentially unnoticed by functional fitting of the dynamic response alone. Hyperspectral KPFM will be beneficial for investigating nanoscale charge transport and local reactivity in systems involving a possible combination of electronic, ionic, and electrochemical phenomena.

show abstract

“…These techniques have been expanded to include dynamics measurements during a tip-induced perturbation that drives a structural transformation. These methods have led to a boom in new AFM techniques, including fast-force microscopy (Benaglia et al, 2018 ), current-voltage spectroscopies (Holstad et al, 2020 ), band-excitation-based spectroscopies (Jesse et al, 2018 ), and full-acquisition mode spectroscopies (Somnath et al, 2015 ). What has emerged is a data deluge where these techniques are either underutilized or under-analyzed.…”

Section: Exemplars Of Domain Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and Techniques for Fast Machine Learning in Science

Deiana¹,

Tran²,

Agar³

et al. 2022

Front. Big Data

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this community review report, we discuss applications and techniques for fast machine learning (ML) in science—the concept of integrating powerful ML methods into the real-time experimental data processing loop to accelerate scientific discovery. The material for the report builds on two workshops held by the Fast ML for Science community and covers three main areas: applications for fast ML across a number of scientific domains; techniques for training and implementing performant and resource-efficient ML algorithms; and computing architectures, platforms, and technologies for deploying these algorithms. We also present overlapping challenges across the multiple scientific domains where common solutions can be found. This community report is intended to give plenty of examples and inspiration for scientific discovery through integrated and accelerated ML solutions. This is followed by a high-level overview and organization of technical advances, including an abundance of pointers to source material, which can enable these breakthroughs.

show abstract

Dynamic Modes in Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy: Band Excitation and G-Mode

Cited by 3 publications

References 161 publications

Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review

Towards nanoscale electrical measurements in liquid by advanced KPFM techniques: a review

Visualizing Charge Transport and Nanoscale Electrochemistry by Hyperspectral Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy

Applications and Techniques for Fast Machine Learning in Science

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About