Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization in Brazier-Type Gasification and Carbonization Furnace

Zhang, Xi; Zhang, Guiyun; Zhang, Dong; Zhang, Liping; Qian, Feng

doi:10.3390/ma16031164

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…With the acceleration of the industrial process, the application of large equipment and complex devices has become more extensive. For the study of complex systems, the optimization of multiple variables has also become more meaningful [27][28][29]. Therefore, the multi-rate optimization problem has attracted more and more researchers' attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Dynamic Optimization of Multi-Rate Processes with the Case of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Zhang,

Lin,

et al. 2023

Processes

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Due to operational limitations in the industrial field, the operating variables of fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU) are of multiple operating frequencies, which are CO combustion promoter amount, recycle slurry flow rate, combustion air flow rate, heat escape, and reaction temperature, from low frequency to high frequency. There are usually two schemes for operation optimization of FCCU. The former is called single-rate, single-window optimization, whose operating variables are optimized only once in the whole operation cycle, which is easy to achieve, but the optimization effect is poor. The latter is called single-rate multi-window optimization, whose operating variables are optimized repeatedly and whose operation cycle is discretized into multiple optimization periods with the same frequency, which costs a heavy calculation burden and cannot adapt to the optimization variables with multiple operating frequencies. So, a multi-rate, variable-window online dynamic optimization method is proposed. In an operation cycle, the high-frequency operating variable is optimized in a short optimization period, and the low-frequency operating variable is optimized in a long optimization period; each optimization period has integer multiples to the minimum optimization period. Each optimized result for each optimization period is put into use online immediately. The optimization model involves the time domain differential equations, integral cost objective function, and measured disturbances. The experimental results show that compared with the single-rate, single-window optimization method and single-rate multi-window optimization method, the optimization effect of multi-rate, variable-window online dynamic optimization is better than single-rate, single-window optimization but worse than single-rate multi-window optimization. However, the optimization results are consistent with the operation frequency of each optimization variable, which can be implemented in complex chemical processes and increase certain economic benefits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Dynamic Optimization of Multi-Rate Processes with the Case of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Zhang,

Lin,

et al. 2023

Processes

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“…Following this step, the container is placed in a furnace and heated to a certain temperature. This step makes it possible for the carbon to diffuse through the steel surface [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying of chemical composition changes during the carburizing process of carbon steel under tension

Nitha,

Arma,

Sutresman

et al. 2023

EEJET

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Carburizing is a commonly employed technique used to improve carbon steel’s surface characteristics, specifically its hardness and ability to resist wear. The introduction of tension during the carburizing process adds complexities that affect the distribution of elements in the material. The research methodology includes subjecting carbon steel samples to carburizing temperatures and applying tensile stress. This approach allows for analyzing the effects of carburization and stress on the carbon steel samples. The focus of the investigation was to analyze the use of the pack carburizing technique at lower temperatures, specifically 700 °C and 750 °C, while also applying proportional-voltage tensile stresses. The study focuses on conducting a comprehensive analysis of changes in the chemical composition throughout the cross-section of the material. Advanced analytical techniques perform mapping and elemental spectrum analysis, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). These techniques enable a thorough investigation of the distribution and composition of elements such as carbon, iron, silicon, magnesium, and phosphorus. According to the research findings, carbon elements were added within the temperature range of 700 °C to 750 °C during the carburization process. The carbon content in the material increased from 0.15 % in its unprocessed state to 0.73 % at a temperature of 700 °C, followed by a further increase to 1.26 % at a temperature of 750 °C. According to the study, it was found that applying tensile loads and reducing carburizing temperatures can enhance the carburizing process and result in higher carbon steel content. This can bring about cost savings and improve overall industrial efficiency

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“…In consideration of the contributions to this work, Feng Qian unequivocally requests the removal of his name from the author list of this publication [ 1 ]. The authorship list of this publication has been amended to reflect this, and the Author Contributions statement has been updated as follows: Author Contributions: Methodology, X.Z.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction: Zhang et al. Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization in Brazier-Type Gasification and Carbonization Furnace. Materials 2023, 16, 1164

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization in Brazier-Type Gasification and Carbonization Furnace

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Online Dynamic Optimization of Multi-Rate Processes with the Case of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Online Dynamic Optimization of Multi-Rate Processes with the Case of a Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Identifying of chemical composition changes during the carburizing process of carbon steel under tension

Correction: Zhang et al. Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization in Brazier-Type Gasification and Carbonization Furnace. Materials 2023, 16, 1164

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