Dynamic multi-path WDM routing in a monolithically integrated 8 × 8 cross-connect

Rohit, A.; Williams, Kevin

doi:10.1364/oe.22.000435

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The optical power is levelled for each wavelength to within 2 dB, as the current values have been optimized for equalized output power from time-slot to time-slot. Figure 4b also shows the fall and rise time for the output signal when moving from one time slot to the next one: The switching occurs within 5 ns [34]. Power penalty is expected to be dominated by amplified spontaneous emission from the transmitter side amplifier and the cross-connect.…”

Section: Monolithically Integrated Inp 8 × 8 Space and Wavelength Selmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The requirements for reduced energy use also require the photonic components to be abstracted to enable tractable network level implementations: Multicast capability, packet-time-scale reconfigurability, power levelling irrespective of signal path, distributed signal quality monitoring, and data rate transparency have been implemented at the chip level in order to enable an abstracted digital control plane [34][35][36]. The first investigation on the impact of varied switch loads from unicast to multicast to broadcast on device performance was also performed for this chip [35].…”

Section: Monolithically Integrated Inp 8 × 8 Space and Wavelength Selmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and data rate transparency have been implemented at the chip level in order to enable an abstracted digital control plane [34][35][36]. The first investigation on the impact of varied switch loads from unicast to multicast to broadcast on device performance was also performed for this chip [35].…”

Section: Monolithically Integrated Inp 8 × 8 Space and Wavelength Selmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If dynamic scheduling was implemented for the wavelength-select stages as well, a more modest 1.44 W electrical power would be required with only 1 dB gain reduction. Further energy savings are also feasible through optical circuit level optimizations [34]. …”

Section: Monolithically Integrated Inp 8 × 8 Space and Wavelength Selmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Large-Scale Fast Reprogrammable SOA-Based Photonic Integrated Switch Circuits

Stabile

2017

Applied Sciences

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Due to the exponentially increasing connectivity and bandwidth demand from the Internet, the most advanced examples of medium-scale fast reconfigurable photonic integrated switch circuits are offered by research carried out for data-and computer-communication applications, where network flexibility at a high speed and high connectivity are provided to suit network demand. Recently we have prototyped optical switching circuits using monolithic integration technology with up to several hundreds of integrated optical components per chip for high connectivity. In this paper, the current status of fast reconfigurable medium-scale indium phosphide (InP) integrated photonic switch matrices based on the use of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) gates is reviewed, focusing on broadband and cross-connecting monolithic implementations, granting a connectivity of up to sixteen input ports, sixteen output ports, and sixty-four channels, respectively. The opportunities for increasing connectivity, enabling nanosecond order reconfigurability, and introducing distributed optical power monitoring at the physical layer are highlighted. Complementary architecture based on resonant switching elements on the same material platform are also discussed for power efficient switching. Performance projections related to the physical layer are presented and strategies for improvements are discussed in view of opening a route towards large-scale power efficient fast reprogrammable photonic integrated switching circuits.

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Section: Monolithically Integrated Inp 8 × 8 Space and Wavelength Selmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monolithically Integrated Inp 8 × 8 Space and Wavelength Selmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monolithically Integrated Inp 8 × 8 Space and Wavelength Selmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monolithically Integrated Inp 8 × 8 Space and Wavelength Selmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Large-Scale Fast Reprogrammable SOA-Based Photonic Integrated Switch Circuits

Stabile

2017

Applied Sciences

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“…This has been implemented 50 for subsequent work on 8 Â 8 and 16 Â 16 connectivity switching matrices. Arrays of fast (nanosecond) current drivers were connected to the SOA selector gates of the integrated cross-connect to enable path and channel selection.…”

Section: Dynamic Routing With Nanosecond Reconfiguration Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical switch matrices for packet data networks

Stabile

Albores-Mejia

Rohit³

et al. 2016

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Integrated circuit technologies are enabling intelligent, chip-based, optical packet switch matrices. Rapid real-time reconfigurability at the photonic layer using integrated circuit technologies is expected to enable cost-effective, energy-efficient, and transparent data communications. InP integrated photonic circuits offer high-performance amplifiers, switches, modulators, detectors, and de/multiplexers in the same wafer-scale processes. The complexity of these circuits has been transformed as the process technologies have matured, enabling component counts to increase to many hundreds per chip. Active-passive monolithic integration has enabled switching matrices with up to 480 components, connecting 16 inputs to 16 outputs. Integrated switching matrices route data streams of hundreds of gigabits per second. Multi-path and packet time-scale switching have been demonstrated in the laboratory to route between multiple fibre connections. Wavelength-granularity routing and monitoring is realised inside the chip. In this paper, we review the current status in InP integrated photonics for optical switch matrices, paying particular attention to the additional on-chip functions that become feasible with active component integration. We highlight the opportunities for introducing intelligence at the physical layer and explore the requirements and opportunities for cost-effective, scalable switching.Keywords: large-scale integration; optical switching devices; optoelectronics; photonic integrated circuits In turn, this is leading to unsustainable energy usage and an increasing complexity in network control 2-4 . Optical packet routing and switching technologies offer the prospect of highly efficient networking that is attuned to packet-based traffic flows 4 . However, to date the underlying photonic hardware has not proved sufficiently scalable, and the physical layer performance has been impeded by the analogue nature of the underlying photonic components.Photonic switch matrices and wavelength-selective switches already provide energy-efficient connectivity at the highest bandwidths for circuit-provisioned time-scales. The optical switching engines that are now being deployed in telecom networks and data centre networks are based on slow (millisecond) circuitswitching technologies that leverage micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) 5,6 and liquid crystal on silicon 7,8 switch elements. 3D MEMS systems now allow for connectivity between many hundreds of fibre connections 9,10 . The combination of broadband photonic switches and wavelength-selective diffractive optical elements offers even higher connectivity. However, the use of surface normal micro-optics introduces considerable assembly complexity as the connectivity scales. The switching speeds do not support packet-based traffic at the optical layer.Planar photonic integrated circuits have long held the promise of high-speed broadband connectivity with mass-manufactureable microchips 11 , but only recently has the technology

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