Dynamic Nuclear Pore Complexes: Life on the Edge

Tran, Elizabeth; Wente, Susan R.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.027

Cited by 443 publications

(408 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…An NPC contains ϳ30 nucleoporins (Nups), many of which are evolutionarily conserved in structure and function (Tran and Wente, 2006). In many cases these Nups are organized into subcomplexes that are present in multiple copies, and they are distributed around the central axis of the NPC, contributing to its characteristic eightfold symmetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, at numerous locations along the NE, the ONM and INM are interrupted by pores where the INM and the ONM are bridged by a connecting membrane termed the pore membrane (POM) domain. Within these pores reside the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), aqueous channels that provide portals for both passive and active transport of macromolecules.An NPC contains ϳ30 nucleoporins (Nups), many of which are evolutionarily conserved in structure and function (Tran and Wente, 2006). In many cases these Nups are organized into subcomplexes that are present in multiple copies, and they are distributed around the central axis of the NPC, contributing to its characteristic eightfold symmetry.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nup53 Is Required for Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly

Hawryluk-Gara

Platani

Santarella

et al. 2008

MBoC

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Transport across the nuclear envelope (NE) is mediated by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). These structures are composed of various subcomplexes of proteins that are each present in multiple copies and together establish the eightfold symmetry of the NPC. One evolutionarily conserved subcomplex of the NPC contains the nucleoporins Nup53 and Nup155. Using truncation analysis, we have defined regions of Nup53 that bind to neighboring nucleoporins as well as those domains that target Nup53 to the NPC in vivo. Using this information, we investigated the role of Nup53 in NE and NPC assembly using Xenopus egg extracts. We show that both events require Nup53. Importantly, the analysis of Nup53 fragments revealed that the assembly activity of Nup53 depleted extracts could be reconstituted using a region of Nup53 that binds specifically to its interacting partner Nup155. On the basis of these results, we propose that the formation of a Nup53-Nup155 complex plays a critical role in the processes of NPC and NE assembly. INTRODUCTIONThe nuclear envelope (NE) provides a physical barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and their unique metabolic tasks. The NE is defined by three morphologically distinct regions. The outer nuclear membrane (ONM) is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and contains a similar set of proteins (reviewed in Mattaj, 2004). The inner nuclear membrane (INM) lies adjacent to the nucleoplasm and contains a unique repertoire of proteins that, in part, mediate its interactions with the nuclear lamina and chromatin. Finally, at numerous locations along the NE, the ONM and INM are interrupted by pores where the INM and the ONM are bridged by a connecting membrane termed the pore membrane (POM) domain. Within these pores reside the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), aqueous channels that provide portals for both passive and active transport of macromolecules.An NPC contains ϳ30 nucleoporins (Nups), many of which are evolutionarily conserved in structure and function (Tran and Wente, 2006). In many cases these Nups are organized into subcomplexes that are present in multiple copies, and they are distributed around the central axis of the NPC, contributing to its characteristic eightfold symmetry. Different groups of Nups and their respective subcomplexes contribute to distinct structural components of the NPC. For example, Nup214/Nup84 are components of the cytoplasmic fibrils (Kraemer et al., 1994;Bastos et al., 1997), the Nup53/Nup155 complex is part of the central core (Marelli et al., 1998), and Nup153 and Tpr contribute to the nucleoplasmic ring and fibrils (Krull et al., 2004).When metazoan cells enter mitosis, their NE is disassembled allowing for the mitotic spindle to access the condensed chromatin. Several models based on previous findings have been proposed to explain the mechanism by which this occurs (reviewed in Hetzer et al., 2005). NE disassembly is accompanied by the phosphorylation of multiple NE proteins including the lamins and several Nups (Burke and Ellenberg, 2002, and refer...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nup53 Is Required for Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly

Hawryluk-Gara

Platani

Santarella

et al. 2008

MBoC

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“…The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a specialized structure embedded within the nuclear envelope that serves as a conduit for molecules traveling between the nucleus and cytoplasm (for reviews see Pemberton and Paschal, 2005;Tran and Wente, 2006). Molecules less than 40 kDa can freely traverse the NPC by simple diffusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arx1 Is a Nuclear Export Receptor for the 60S Ribosomal Subunit in Yeast

Hung

Patel

et al. 2008

MBoC

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We previously showed that nuclear export of the large (60S) ribosomal subunit relies on Nmd3 in a Crm1-dependent manner. Recently the general mRNA export factor, the Mtr2/Mex67 heterodimer, was shown to act as an export receptor in parallel with Crm1. These observations raise the possibility that nuclear export of the 60S subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires multiple export receptors. Here, we show that the previously characterized 60S subunit biogenesis factor, Arx1, also acts as an export receptor for the 60S subunit. We found that deletion of ARX1 was synthetic lethal with nmd3 and mtr2 mutants and was synthetic sick with several nucleoporin mutants. Deletion of ARX1 led to accumulation of pre-60S particles in the nucleus that were enriched for Nmd3, Crm1, Mex67, and Mtr2, suggesting that in the absence of Arx1, 60S export is impaired even though the subunit is loaded with export receptors. Finally, Arx1 interacted with several nucleoporins in yeast two-hybrid as well as in vitro assays. These results show that Arx1 can directly bridge the interaction between the pre-60S particle and the NPC and thus is a third export receptor for the 60S subunit in yeast.

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“…One potential explanation is that components of the nuclear pore also participate in regulation of p53 nuclear localization. Recent evidence indicates that the nuclear pore is itself a dynamic protein complex that can regulate transport of cargo proteins across the nuclear membrane (Tran and Wente, 2006). Hence, mutations in some nuclear pore components might also be expected to affect p53 nuclear localization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of p53 nuclear importation

Falsey

Gaitonde

et al. 2007

Oncogene

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A key step in activation of the p53 tumor suppressor is its transport into the nucleus; however, despite intensive study of p53, the regulation of its subcellular localization is still poorly understood. Here we examined the p53 nuclear importation using a series of mutant cell lines that were resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of temperaturesensitive murine p53 (tsp53). Examination of the p53 subcellular localization in these cell lines showed that the protein was cytoplasmic in most of them. Using a digitoninpermeabilized cell in vitro nuclear import system, we show that cytosols from these cell lines do not support nuclear translocation of a p53 nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing substrate protein, but promote nuclear localization of a SV40TAgNLS-containing substrate. Complementation assays and use of the mutant cells themselves in the in vitro assays demonstrate that both soluble and insoluble protein components are involved in p53 nuclear import. Collectively, our results suggest that there is a p53 NLS-selective nuclear import pathway and that both soluble and insoluble proteins are involved in its function.

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Dynamic Nuclear Pore Complexes: Life on the Edge

Cited by 443 publications

References 77 publications

Nup53 Is Required for Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly

Nup53 Is Required for Nuclear Envelope and Nuclear Pore Complex Assembly

Arx1 Is a Nuclear Export Receptor for the 60S Ribosomal Subunit in Yeast

Genetic analysis of p53 nuclear importation

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