Dynamic Observation of Crack Propagation in Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuators

Furuta, Atsushi; Uchino, Kenji

doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03950.x

Cited by 214 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The above mentioned events can be interpreted as a crack initiation process in multilayer ferroelectric actuators. Interestingly, this mechanism explains the experimental observations, in which the crack is initiated at the internal electrode edge, and it branches basically into three directions from the electrode edge which results in the delamination and oblique cracking of multilayer ferroelectric actuators [8,31,117].…”

Section: Crack Initiation Patterns At Electrode Edges In Multilayer Fmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Internal electrodes are commonly employed in the structures of multilayer actuators. Experiments reported that electrode edges are the main source of fracture in these actuators [8,31,56,71,72,117,146]. This is due to the generation of non-uniform electric fields in the vicinity of electrode edges, which in turn induce incompatible strain fields and hence concentrated stresses.…”

Section: Crack Initiation Patterns At Electrode Edges In Multilayer Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This condition is essential for the simulation of the crack propagation at the electrode edge since high compressive stresses are induced in this region [31,53].…”

Section: Crack Initiation Patterns At Electrode Edges In Multilayer Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase-Field Modeling of Fracture in Ferroelectric Materials

Abdollahi

Arias

2014

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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This paper presents a family of phase-field models for the coupled simulation of the microstructure formation and evolution, and the nucleation and propagation of cracks in single and polycrystalline ferroelectric materials. The first objective is to introduce a phase-field model for ferroelectric single crystals. The model naturally couples two existing energetic phasefield approaches for brittle fracture and ferroelectric domain formation and evolution. Simulations show the interactions between the microstructure and the crack under mechanical and electromechanical loadings. Another objective of this paper is to encode different crack face boundary conditions into the phase-field framework since these conditions strongly affect the fracture behavior of ferroelectrics. The smeared imposition of these conditions are discussed and the results are compared with that of sharp crack models to validate the proposed approaches. Simulations show the effects of different conditions and electromechanical loadings on the crack propagation. In a third step, the model is modified by introducing a crack non-interpenetration condition in the variational approach to fracture accounting for the asymmetric behavior in tension and compression. The modified model makes it possible to explain anisotropic crack growth in ferroelectrics under the Vickers indentation loading. This model is also employed for the fracture analysis of multilayer ferroelectric actuators, which shows the potential of the model for future applications. The coupled phase-field model is also extended to polycrystals by introducing realistic polycrystalline microstructures in the model.

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Section: Crack Initiation Patterns At Electrode Edges In Multilayer Fmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Crack Initiation Patterns At Electrode Edges In Multilayer Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase-Field Modeling of Fracture in Ferroelectric Materials

Abdollahi

Arias

2014

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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“…Clearly, the S-P 2 curves for the composition with We note that the Q value of lead-based electrostrictive material, such as Pb͑Mg, Nb͒O 3 -PbTiO 3 , is reported to be about 0.017. 23 That means the Q values of our materials are notably larger than that of lead-based electrostrictors. 7,8 The dielectric constant r and loss tan ␦ of the composition x = 0.30 were measured at different frequencies as a function of temperature as shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Phase diagram and electrostrictive properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics

Zhang

Yan

Yang

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

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Phase diagram of Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -BaTiO 3 -K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 ternary system has been analyzed and ͑0.94− x͒BNT-0.06BT-xKNN ͑0.15Յ x Յ 0.30͒ ceramics have been prepared and investigated. Pseudocubic structures were confirmed by x-ray diffractions and its preliminary Rietveld refinements. P-E, S-E, and S-P 2 profiles ͑where P, E, and S denote polarization, electric field, and strain, respectively͒ indicate electrostrictive behavior of all ceramics. The compositions with x = 0.20 and 0.25 show pure electrostrictive characteristics. The dissipation energy, electrostrictive strain, and electrostrictive coefficient have been determined and compared with other lead-free and lead-containing electrostrictors. The electrostrictive coefficient can reach as high as 0.026 m 4 / C 2 , about 1.5 times of the value of traditional Pb-based electrostrictors. © 2010 American Institute of Physics. ͓doi:10.1063/1.3491839͔Both electrostrictive and piezoelectric ceramics are commercially used in electromechanical devices, such as actuators, space mirrors, etc. Electrostrictors have special advantages over piezoelectrics, because they do not require poling process and there is negligible hysteresis in strain-electric field ͑S-E͒ cycle, which is important for precision position control. [1][2][3] In electrostriction, the sign of the field-induced deformation is independent of the polarity of the field and is proportional to the square of the applied electric fieldwhere Q is the electrostrictive coefficient and P is polarization. 2 In recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to leadfree piezoelectric materials 4,5 but much less effort was devoted to high-performance lead-free electrostrictors. 6-9 One of the reasons might be due to the much smaller commercial market for high performance electrostrictors than for piezoelectric devices. Another reason might be due to the lack of public awareness on the fact that most of currently used electrostrictors are also lead based materials. With increasing pressure from environmental legislations, lead-free piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials are urgently in demand. Therefore, it is just as important to study lead-free electrostrictive materials as lead-free piezoelectric materials.Electrostriction is a general property of all dielectric materials but it is significantly large in ferroelectrics just above the Curie temperature ͑T c ͒, where an electric field can induce energetically unstable ferroelectric phase. In relaxor ferroelectrics, the electrostrictive strain can be kept at a relatively high level in a wide temperature range, because of the diffused phase transition. 2 If the phase transition temperature of a relaxor ferroelectrics is close to room temperature ͑RT͒, the electrostrictive effect can be very large at RT. Therefore, one may adjust the composition or dopants in lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics to produce pseudocubic/cubic crystal structure at RT, which might produce good lead-free electrostrictors. Recently reported electrostrictors, ͑Sr 1−y−x Na y Bi x ͒Ti...

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“…Strain incompatibilities at the electrode boundary can result in stresses large enough to initiate cracks from nearby flaws 1-3 . Similarly, multilayer actuators, which are composed of several layers of partial internal electrodes, can develop stresses during switching operations that are high enough to generate cracks at electrode boundaries, thus limiting the effective lifetime of the device 4 . The reliability of partially electroded ferroelectrics can be improved by using thinner layers, which effectively reduces the volume of material exposed to high tensile stresses around the electrode edge during poling 2,3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical behavior, properties and reliability of tin-modified lead zirconate titanate.

Watson¹

2003

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The influences of temperature and processing conditions (unpoled or poled-depoled) on strength, fracture toughness and the stress-strain behavior of tin-modified lead zirconate titanate (PSZT) were evaluated in four-point bending. PSZT exhibits temperaturedependent non-linear and non-symmetric stress-strain behavior. A consequence of temperature dependent non-linearity is an apparent reduction in the flexural strength of PSZT as temperature increases. At room temperature the average stress in the outer-fiber of bend bars was 84 MPa, whereas, for specimens tested at 120°C the average failure stress was only 64 MPa. The load-carrying capacity, however, does not change with temperature, but the degree of deformation tolerated by PSZT prior to failure increased with temperature. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Dynamic Observation of Crack Propagation in Piezoelectric Multilayer Actuators

Cited by 214 publications

References 3 publications

Phase-Field Modeling of Fracture in Ferroelectric Materials

Phase-Field Modeling of Fracture in Ferroelectric Materials

Phase diagram and electrostrictive properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics

Mechanical behavior, properties and reliability of tin-modified lead zirconate titanate.

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