Dynamic observation of Joule heating-induced structural and domain transformation in smart shape-memory alloy

Quantification of extreme thermal gradients during in situ transmission electron microscope heating experiments

“…So far, MEMS‐based heating holders have enabled studies on thermally activated processes in a wide range of materials, such as de‐wetting of thin films (Niekiel, Kraschewski, Schweizer, Butz, & Spiecker, 2016), structural transformations in two dimensional materials (Kumar et al, 2020), solid‐state transformations in complex metallic alloys (Kaschel et al, 2020; Leonard et al, 2021; Liu et al, 2017; Vijayan et al, 2019), crystallization kinetics in bulk metallic glasses (Ivanov, Meylan, Panagiotopoulos, Georgarakis, & Greer, 2020), structural transformation and evolution of magnetic domains in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (Karim et al, 2020), and high temperature diffusion in multicomponent alloys (Eggeler, Kubacka, Pichler, Wu, & Spiecker, 2021). These in situ TEM heating studies were performed by applying uniform temperature distribution across the specimen (Mele et al, 2016), which provide insights into thermally activated processes during steady state conditions.…”