Dynamic optimal joint policies for tourism promotion and environmental restoration

Sustainable tourism

“…Now, we turn our attention to the literature on dynamic tourism. The link between environment and tourism is investigated in Greiner et al (2001) and Sirilersuang and Pongkijvorasin (2018). Heritage sites must be maintained over time (Hutter and Rizzo, 1997) and defended against threats related to natural degradation and also man-made actions such as wars, political and other instabilities, including terrorism, outright neglect, uncontrolled economic exploitation, and excessive tourism pressure (Feichtinger et al, 2001).…”

“…Hereafter for simplicity, unless there is a risk of confusion, we omit the dependence from certain variables, in particular the time variable. Demand decreases with price and increases with heritage quality (Kort et al, 2002;Claude and Zaccour, 2009;Sirilersuang and Pongkijvorasin, 2018). There is a diminishing impact of heritage quality on demand.…”

“…Formulation ( 6) accounts for several features of heritage dynamics. First, heritage decreases with the number of visitors, with α > 0 the sensitivity of heritage dynamics to the visits (Kort et al, 2002;Claude and Zaccour, 2009;Sirilersuang and Pongkijvorasin, 2018). 2 Second, heritage attractiveness declines at a constant proportional rate δ > 0.…”

“…Indeed, if no investment maintains a site, then it deteriorates naturally over time (see for instance Patin 2010;Tan et al 2018). 4 Third, heritage can be improved thanks to the heritage conservation policy K as discussed above (Kort et al, 2002;Sirilersuang and Pongkijvorasin, 2018). Integrating (6) measures the stock (or cumulative level) of heritage attractiveness to the flow of demand, autonomous depreciation, and…”

Determining Operation Groundswell’s Future Business Directions for Sustainable Tourism

“…Stakeholders within the tourism industry have also employed strategies to reduce the negative impacts of their activities and have demonstrated how the tourism industry can accomplish the goals of sustainable tourism. The accommodation sector has made strides in promoting energy efficiency and water conservation (Ayuso 2006;Ayuso 2007;Melissen et al 2016), airlines have integrated carbon offsetting into their ticket prices (Becken & Mackey 2017), cruises have developed and adopted technological innovations to reduce the environmental impacts of their operations (Caric & Mackelworth 2014;Polat 2015) and tourism policies are now being established that reflect the urgency to protect and restore natural environments (Sirilersuang & Pongkijvorasin 2018). In addition to the aforementioned environmental efforts, the tourism industry has also worked to address the social impacts of tourism.…”