Dynamic optimization of a FCC converter unit: numerical analysis

Nt, E. Almeida; Secchi, Argimiro Resende

doi:10.1590/s0104-66322011000100014

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The riser is a hollow cylinder capable of generating high yields of gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and other intermediate products such as light cycle oil (LCO) if suitable operating conditions are used. It has a very high profitability and hence operates at maximum capacity, that is, maximum feed rate and maximum power applied to auxiliary equipment such as the gas compressor and air blower drivers . However, optimal operating conditions of an FCC riser required to operate at the maximum capacity of the plant change with the changes in quality and nature of blends of the feedstock .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximization of Gasoline in an Industrial Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit

2017

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The riser of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit cracks gas oil to make fuels such as gasoline and diesel. However, changes in quality, the nature of crude oil blends feedstocks, environmental changes, and the desire to obtain higher profitability lead to many alternative operating conditions of the FCC riser. The production objective of the riser is usually the maximization of gasoline and diesel. Here, an optimization framework is developed in gPROMS to maximize the gasoline in the riser of an industrial FCC unit (reported in the literature) while optimizing mass flow rates of catalyst and gas oil. A detailed mathematical model of the process developed is incorporated in the optimization framework. It was found that concurrent use of the optimal values of mass flow rates of catalyst (310.8 kg/s) and gas oil (44.8 kg/s) gives the lowest yield of gases, but when these optimum mass flow rates are used one at a time, they produced the same and better yield of gasoline (0.554 kg of lump/(kg of feed)).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximization of Gasoline in an Industrial Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit

2017

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“…A wide range of methodologies exist for solving an optimal control trajectory problem, including variation methods and finite approximation methods [41,45]. In the former, exploiting Pontryagin's maximum principle allows the resulting two-point boundary value problem to be solved, while the latter uses predefined functional forms to represent the control profile [46]. Finite formulations may be tackled with simultaneous, sequential, or multi shooting strategies which are extensively reviewed in the literature [43].…”

Section: Solution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Optimization of a Fed-Batch Nosiheptide Reactor

2020

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Nosiheptide is a sulfur-containing peptide antibiotic, showing exceptional activity against critical pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) with livestock applications that can be synthesized via fed-batch fermentation. A simplified mechanistic fed-batch fermentation model for nosiheptide production considers temperature- and pH-dependence of biomass growth, substrate consumption, nosiheptide production and oxygen mass transfer into the broth. Herein, we perform dynamic simulation over a broad range of possible feeding policies to understand and visualize the region of attainable reactor performances. We then formulate a dynamic optimization problem for maximization of nosiheptide production for different constraints of batch duration and operability limits. A direct method for dynamic optimization (simultaneous strategy) is performed in each case to compute the optimal control trajectories. Orthogonal polynomials on finite elements are used to approximate the control and state trajectories allowing the continuous problem to be converted to a nonlinear program (NLP). The resultant large-scale NLP is solved using IPOPT. Optimal operation requires feedrate to be manipulated in such a way that the inhibitory mechanism of the substrate can be avoided, with significant nosiheptide yield improvement realized.

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“…Results obtained showed good stability but computational times were found to be very long. A dynamic real-time optimisation study of a FCC unit was carried out [10]. They developed a NLP problem and was solved using a simultaneous strategy where a continuous problem was converted into an NLP.…”

Section: Fcc Riser Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results obtained matched plant data very closely. A real-time optimisation strategy for an FCC unit controller was presented [10], where a linear model predictive controller was optimized so that it would be able to handle disturbances in the commissioning or load disturbance phases. The objective function in their work was to maximize the production of LPG.…”

Section: Fcc Riser Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Almeida and Secchi [10] and John et al [9], the riser can produce large profits when it runs at maximum capacity with maximum feed rate and power applied to the equipment. Optimization of the design and operation is crucial to facilitate the constantly changing quality and nature of blends of feedstocks while meeting the maximum capacity requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximization of propylene in an industrial FCC unit

2018

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The FCC riser cracks gas oil into useful fuels such as gasoline, diesel and some lighter products such as ethylene and propylene, which are major building blocks for the polyethylene and polypropylene production. The production objective of the riser is usually the maximization of gasoline and diesel, but it can also be to maximize propylene. The optimization and parameter estimation of a six-lumped catalytic cracking reaction of gas oil in FCC is carried out to maximize the yield of propylene using an optimisation framework developed in gPROMS software 5.0 by optimizing mass flow rates and temperatures of catalyst and gas oil. The optimal values of 290.8 kg/s mass flow rate of catalyst and 53.4 kg/s mass flow rate of gas oil were obtained as propylene yield is maximized to give 8.95 wt%. When compared with the base case simulation value of 4.59 wt% propylene yield, the maximized propylene yield is increased by 95%.

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Dynamic optimization of a FCC converter unit: numerical analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Maximization of Gasoline in an Industrial Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit

Maximization of Gasoline in an Industrial Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit

Dynamic Optimization of a Fed-Batch Nosiheptide Reactor

Maximization of propylene in an industrial FCC unit

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