Dynamic optimization of cryogenic distillation operation for hydrogen isotope separation in fusion power plant

Park, Damdae; Urm, Jae Jung; Lee, Jae-Uk; Chang, Min-Sun; Lee, Jong Min

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.199

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…One of the advantages of these technologies is that all of them can be operated at ambient pressure, which eliminates the need for high-pressure equipment and reduces the complexity of the separation process. Moreover, technologies such as cryogenic distillation and LPCE are capable of processing large quantities of feed [22]. This capability is crucial to ensuring a reliable supply of high-purity deuterium and tritium for ongoing research and development in the field of nuclear fusion and other related industries.…”

Section: Current Status Of Hydrogen Isotope Separation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review on Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange for Hydrogen Isotope Separation: Current Status and Future Potential

Mhd Yusof,

Lock,

Abdul Talib

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Liquid phase catalytic exchange (LPCE) appears a highly promising technology for separating hydrogen isotopes due to being less energy-intensive and having a high separation factor. This paper provides an overview of the current development of the hydrophobic catalysts used in the LPCE process, including the LPCE fundamentals, factors influencing its effectiveness, and proposals for future research areas. This paper specifically reviews the active metal catalysts, catalyst supports, operating temperatures, and molar feed ratio(gas-to-liquid,G/L). The addition of a second metal such as Ir, Fe, Ru, Ni, or Cr and modified catalyst supports showed enhancement of LPCE performance. Additionally, the validated optimized temperature of 60–80 °C and G/L of 1.5–2.5 provide an important basis for designing LPCE systems to improve separation efficiency. This paper concludes by highlighting potential research areas and challenges for future advancements in the sustainability of LPCE for hydrogen isotope separation, which include the optimization, scalability, techno-economic analysis, and life-cycle analysis of modified catalyst materials.

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Section: Current Status Of Hydrogen Isotope Separation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review on Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange for Hydrogen Isotope Separation: Current Status and Future Potential

Mhd Yusof,

Lock,

Abdul Talib

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…These processes are carried out in packed-bed columns where the tritiated water exchanges with hydrogen since the thermodynamic equilibrium of the hydrogen isotopic exchange reactions is shifted towards the oxidised compounds [25]. Both VPCE and LPCE processes have been developed to a good technological level (TRL = 7) but exhibit low separation factors, as shown in Table 1, corresponding to modest process decontamination factors (in the range [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Both VPCE (vapour-phase catalytic exchange) and LPCE (liquid-phase catalytic exchange) processes are based on isotopic exchange reactions involving hydrogen isotopologues in molecular (H2, D2, T2, HD, HT, DT) and oxidised forms (H2O, D2O, T2O, HDO, HTO, DTO).…”

Section: Water Detritiation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…water exchanges with hydrogen since the thermodynamic equilibrium of the hydrogen isotopic exchange reactions is shifted towards the oxidised compounds [25]. Both VPCE and LPCE processes have been developed to a good technological level (TRL = 7) but exhibit low separation factors, as shown in Table 1, corresponding to modest process decontamination factors (in the range [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. High separation factors (H/T = 10 at 353 K) can be achieved by the treatment of tritiated water via electrolysis.…”

Section: Water Detritiation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the enriched tritium stream extracted from the bottom of an LPCE column is sent to an electrolyser by significantly reducing its electricity load. Cryogenic distillation of hydrogen isotopes has also been adopted for hydrogen isotopic separation, and is typically carried out by packed columns under ambient pressure conditions [27]. It exhibits a good TRL (around 6), with costs estimated to be around 2.4 $/L [23].…”

Section: Water Detritiation Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas Chromatography and Thermal Cycling Absorption Techniques for Hydrogen Isotopes Separation in Water Detritiation Systems

Tosti

2023

Hydrogen

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This work introduces state-of-the-art water detritiation processes and discusses the main technologies and materials adopted. Focus is given to the gas chromatography (GC) and the thermal cycling absorption process (TCAP), which are studied as potential back-end technologies for tritium recovery through a water detritiation system designed for a small-scale unit. GC and the TCAP are evaluated critically in order to establish their applicability for the final purification of the DT stream recovered at the bottom of the cryo-distillation column of a water detritiation unit. Both solutions (GC and the TCAP with an inverse column) exhibit safe and feasible operation modes and are characterised by a good technological level; furthermore, both of these processes meet the main design specifications required by the proposed application. However, the use of GC is preferred, since this system can operate with modest temperature cycling and producing streams (D2 and T2) of better purity.

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“…These separations can be accomplished by physical methods such as cryogenic distillation or chemical methods. Aqueous chemical separations are valuable when starting from water isotopologues H 2 O, HDO, and so forth. , Separation methods involving columns of hydride-forming metals have been demonstrated over many decades and are especially suitable when starting from gas-phase hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Designs of Hydrogen Isotope Separation Columns by Numerical Modeling

Robinson

Salloum

2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Mixtures of gas-phase hydrogen isotopologues (diatomic combinations of protium, deuterium, and tritium) can be separated using columns containing a solid such as palladium that reversibly absorbs hydrogen. A temperature-swing process can transport hydrogen into or out of a column by inducing temperature-dependent absorption or desorption reactions. We consider two designs: a thermal cycling absorption process, which moves hydrogen back and forth between two columns, and a simulated moving bed (SMB), where columns are in a circular arrangement. We present a numerical mass and heat transport model of absorption columns for hydrogen isotope separation. It includes a detailed treatment of the absorption−desorption reaction for palladium. By comparing the isotope concentrations within the columns as a function of position and time, we observe that SMB can lead to sharper separations for a given number of thermal cycles by avoiding the remixing of isotopes.

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Dynamic optimization of cryogenic distillation operation for hydrogen isotope separation in fusion power plant

Cited by 22 publications

References 30 publications

A Mini Review on Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange for Hydrogen Isotope Separation: Current Status and Future Potential

A Mini Review on Liquid Phase Catalytic Exchange for Hydrogen Isotope Separation: Current Status and Future Potential

Gas Chromatography and Thermal Cycling Absorption Techniques for Hydrogen Isotopes Separation in Water Detritiation Systems

Comparison of Designs of Hydrogen Isotope Separation Columns by Numerical Modeling

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