Dynamic Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging for Injection-dependent Lifetime Measurements

Identifying recombination parameters by injection-dependent lifetime spectroscopy on mc-silicon based on photoluminescence imaging

“…130017-3 carrier lifetime may also be done in a purely optical manner using a finely time-resolved detection system 24 , and similar measurements has previously been published ustilizing time-resolved camera detection systems 25,26 . However most experimental setups operate in steady state and QSSPC calibration of steady state images greatly simplifies the measurement system 16 .…”

A combined transient and steady state approach for robust lifetime spectroscopy with micrometer resolution

“…A calibration of µPLS was proposed before , however, a calibration in steady state can hardly reach the accuracy and robustness of a method operating in the time domain: an intensity measurement is extremely sensitive to experimental inaccuracies opposed to a time delay measurement. There are approaches to introduce a temporal component into the PL imaging (PLI) technique to circumvent the steady state deficiency , yet, the most sophisticated way to determine the calibration factor is to use a secondary technique operating in the time domain like modulated PL and QSSPC . These methods are, however, not suitable for a calibration of µPLS: first, µPLS preferably operates at injection densities above 10 16 cm –3 which are hardly accessible for those techniques for low bulk lifetime.…”

“…A calibration of µPLS was proposed before [4], however, a calibration in steady state can hardly reach the accuracy and robustness of a method operating in the time domain: an intensity measurement is extremely sensitive to experimental inaccuracies opposed to a time delay measurement. There are approaches to introduce a temporal component into the PL imaging (PLI) technique [8] to circumvent the steady state deficiency [9,10], yet, the most sophisticated way to determine the calibration factor is to use a secondary technique operating in We present the combination of two complementary microphotoluminescence spectroscopic techniques operating in transient and steady state condition, respectively. Introducing the time domain into the well-established micro-photoluminescence mapping approach operating under steady state conditions demonstrates a distinct improvement of the robustness and reliability in the determination of charge carrier lifetime measured with micrometer spatial resolution.…”