Dynamic photothermal-mechanical response of a microcantilever modified by carbon nanotube film

Lin, Cheng; Zhu, Yudan

doi:10.1364/ao.55.002324

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphite, and amorphous carbon have been recognized as the most efficient photothermal materials . They have been widely used and investigated because of their low cost and abundance .…”

Section: Carbon‐based Materials For Photothermal Actuator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐Based Photothermal Actuators

Han

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

394

265

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Actuators that can convert environmental stimuli into mechanical work are widely used in intelligent systems, robots, and micromechanics. To produce robust and sensitive actuators of different scales, efforts are devoted to developing effective actuating schemes and functional materials for actuator design. Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as preferred candidates for different actuating systems because of their low cost, ease of processing, mechanical strength, and excellent physical/chemical properties. Especially, due to their excellent photothermal activity, which includes both optical absorption and thermal conductivities, carbon-based materials have shown great potential for use in photothermal actuators. Herein, the recent advances in photothermal actuators based on various carbon allotropes, including graphite, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon, graphene and its derivatives, are reviewed. Different photothermal actuating schemes, including photothermal effect-induced expansion, desorption, phase change, surface tension gradient creation, and actuation under magnetic levitation, are summarized, and the light-to-heat and heat-towork conversion mechanisms are discussed. Carbon-based photothermal actuators that feature high light-to-work conversion efficiency, mechanical robustness, and noncontact manipulation hold great promise for future autonomous systems. and most have high photothermal conversion efficiencies. [55][56][57][58] With excellent thermal conduction characteristics, carbon materials can transfer the as-obtained thermal energy to the heat-sensitive materials, achieving effective photothermal actuation. [59,60] In addition, carbon materials have many advantages, such as excellent physical and chemical stability, high mechanical strength, conductivity, as well as tunable light absorption properties, which allow for broad application of carbon-based actuators. [61] In this review, we focus on the recent advancements in carbon-based photothermal actuators and highlight their unique advantages, good performance, and potential for future applications. Specific light-to-heat conversion mechanisms and strategies that enable photothermal actuation are discussed. The performance of various photothermal actuators focusing on energy conversion, response/recover time, stability, mechanical strength, and actuating manners has been reviewed in details. Figure 1 shows a summary of typical actuators constructed of different carbon-based materials and their possible light-to-work mechanisms, including photothermal expansion, desorption, phase change, Marangoni effect, and magnetic susceptibility change. In addition, the advantages and limitations of carbon-based photothermal actuators and the current challenges in this field are discussed in Section 4. The development of carbon-based photothermal actuators may stimulate rapid progress in various smart devices for cutting-edge applications.

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Section: Carbon‐based Materials For Photothermal Actuator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐Based Photothermal Actuators

Han

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

394

265

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show abstract

“…Carbon materials including CNTs, graphene and its derivatives, graphite, and amorphous carbon have been adopted as efficient photoactuating materials . One of the well‐known characteristics of carbon materials is the photothermal effect; these materials can effectively absorb the excited electrons induced in the carbon lattice by incident light and consequently generate heat . Compared with amorphous carbon with relatively low photothermal conversion efficiency caused by phonon scattering on boundaries or by disorder, CNTs, graphene and its derivatives, and graphite exhibit better photothermal effects due to their intrinsic perfect sp 3 or sp 2 lattices .…”

Section: Carbon‐based Soft Materials For Photoresponsive Actuator Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoresponsive Actuators Built from Carbon‐Based Soft Materials

Yang

Yuan

Liu

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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Actuations triggered by light strongly depend on the energy density of light, energy conversion efficiency and actuator dimensions. Therefore, understanding the energy-conversion routes is crucial for effective photoresponsive actuations. As illustrated in Table 1, several actuating schemes have been demonstrated in carbon-based soft materials, including indirect light-to-work-conversion with heat energy, electric energy and chemical energy introduced as intermediate energy sources and

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Solar Spectrum Light‐Driven Silicone‐Based Fluidic Actuators

Shahabi,

Shabani,

Meder

et al. 2024

Advanced Physics Research

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Soft materials that convert light into mechanical energy can create new untethered strategies for actuating soft robotics. Yet, the available light‐driven materials are often incompatible with standard fabrication in soft robotics and restricted to shapes (e.g., sheets) that have limited capability for 3D deformation; often laser or focused light is required for actuation. Here, to address these challenges, a straightforward method for synthesizing sunlight‐responsive fluidic actuators from off‐the‐shelf silicone precursors capable of expanding in 3D is developed. A liquid phase and activated carbon as photothermal elements are constrained in the elastomer. Solar spectral light triggers a liquid–gas phase transition creating sufficient pressure to overcome the internal elastic stress and actuate the material. The fluidic actuation is characterized under varying light conditions reaching expansion cycle times between ≈20–500 s, strains of 28%, and actuation stress of ≈1.3 MPa in different experiments. The materials were then used to exemplarily drive a mechanical switch, a liquid dispensing soft pump, a valve, and a bending actuator. As the described materials are easy to produce in a 5 min synthesis by standard molding techniques, it is believed that they are a promising opportunity for embodied energy converters in environmentally powered soft robots that respond to sunlight.

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Dynamic photothermal-mechanical response of a microcantilever modified by carbon nanotube film

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Carbon‐Based Photothermal Actuators

Carbon‐Based Photothermal Actuators

Photoresponsive Actuators Built from Carbon‐Based Soft Materials

Solar Spectrum Light‐Driven Silicone‐Based Fluidic Actuators

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