Dynamic processes of domain switching in lead zirconate titanate under cyclic mechanical loading by in situ neutron diffraction

Pojprapai, Soodkhet; Luo, Zhenhua; Clausen, B.; Vogel, Sven C.; Brown, Donald W.; Russel, Jennifer; Hoffman, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2009.11.026

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Using Diffraction (MAUD) package. A total of 147 recorded data sets were analyzed utilizing a script-based approach in combination with either SMARTSware [36] code which utilizes the General Structure Analysis System (GSAS) to perform a single peak fit or gsaslanguage to refine the entire spectrum. The latter custom sequential script models up to four phases simultaneously, namely 2H graphite, 3R graphite, UO2 and UxC with the site occupancy x ranging between 0.5 and 1, describing UC2 and UC respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ synthesis and characterization of uranium carbide using high temperature neutron diffraction

Reiche

Vogel

Tang

2016

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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We investigated the formation of UCx from UO2+x and graphite in situ using neutron diffraction at high temperatures with particular focus on resolving the conflicting reports on the crystal structure of non-quenchable cubic UC2. The agents were UO2 nanopowder, which closely imitates nano grains observed in spent reactor fuels, and graphite powder. In situ neutron diffraction revealed the onset of the UO2 + 2C  UC + CO2 reaction at 1440˚C, with its completion at 1500˚C. Upon further heating, carbon diffuses into the uranium carbide forming C2 groups at the octahedral sites. This resulting high temperature cubic UC2 phase is similar to the NaCl-type structure as proposed by Bowman et al. Our novel experimental data provide insights into the mechanism and kinetics of formation of UC as well as characteristics of the high

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ synthesis and characterization of uranium carbide using high temperature neutron diffraction

Reiche

Vogel

Tang

2016

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…However, a higher loading rate results in a smaller dissipated energy, compared to that of a larger stress. is is because P51 ceramics are time-dependent materials [16][17][18][19], and strain would become larger under stress being held or even a constant. A lower loading rate denotes a longer duration on the specimen, which results in a larger energy at the same stress amplitude.…”

Section: Effects Of Stress Amplitude and Loading Rate On Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Webber et al [18] indicated that the nonlinear strain can be attributed to the domain wall motion and accompanying misfit strains surrounding switching domain. Furthermore, Pojprapai et al [19] theoretically proposed a rheological model representing time-dependent deformation and separated the steady-state creep strain from transient creep strain macroscopically under the square wave cyclic loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Electrical Displacement and Energy Dissipation of Lead Zirconate‐Titanate Ceramics under Cyclical Load

Cang

Chen

2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this paper, the electromechanical behavior of lead zirconate-titanate ceramics (P51) has been characterized and modeled. The variation of the energy dissipation and peak electrical displacement of the P51 ceramic has been investigated in details. The total strain of P51 under cyclical loading consists of elastic deformation (εije), immediate ferroelectric domain switching deformation (εijd), and time-dependent deformation (εijc). Thus, an expression for the energy dissipation of P51 can be theoretically derived. In addition, a practical method for calculating the dissipated energy has been proposed by integrating the curve of a hysteresis loop. The experimental results show that the peak electrical displacement and dissipated energy both decrease monotonously with the increase of the number of cycles. Furthermore, ferroelectric 90° domain switching was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the percentage of domain switching has been calculated by the variation of the peak intensity ratio of (002) to (200) at about 45 degrees. Then, grain debonding, crack, and crush were found around voids inside the specimen by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is indicated that switching of more capable-switch domains stimulates larger dissipated energy and a bigger peak electrical displacement at the initial cyclic loading. Finally, an exponential functional model has been proposed to simulate the peak evolution of electrical displacement based on the energy dissipation of P51 ceramics under cyclical load.

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“…In its applications such as nonvolatile ferroelectric memories and multilayer actuators, fatigue that occurs under repetitive application of electromechanical loads has been nominated as the major hindrance to extending the potential of this material . Ferroelectric devices using PZT are usually operated under electrical and/or mechanical cyclic loading, leading to degradation of the performance . The bipolar electrical fatigue behaviors are usually exhibited as the decrease in polarization as well as increase in the coercive field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Ferroelectric devices using PZT are usually operated under electrical and/or mechanical cyclic loading, leading to degradation of the performance. [6][7][8][9][10] The bipolar electrical fatigue behaviors are usually exhibited as the decrease in polarization as well as increase in the coercive field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Fatigue‐Induced Cracking in Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramic and Its Influence Quantitatively Analyzed by Refatigue Method

et al. 2012

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is one of the most commonly used piezoelectric ceramics. The major causes of its electrical fatigue are suggested to be domain pinning and cracking. However, their contributions to fatigue have never been quantitatively compared. This study focuses on the electrical fatigue‐induced microstructure damage in the near‐electrode regions of PZT and uses a refatigue method to determine quantitatively the contribution of the cracking mechanism to electrical fatigue. It is shown that during bipolar electrical cycling, a large number of cracks are initiated in the samples, and the cracking is particularly concentrated in the near‐electrode regions. So the loss of piezoelectric properties can be partially restored by removing such regions. For a particular fatigue stage, the cracking mechanism contributes significantly more to the electrical fatigue than the domain pinning mechanism.

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Dynamic processes of domain switching in lead zirconate titanate under cyclic mechanical loading by in situ neutron diffraction

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

In situ synthesis and characterization of uranium carbide using high temperature neutron diffraction

In situ synthesis and characterization of uranium carbide using high temperature neutron diffraction

Evolution of the Electrical Displacement and Energy Dissipation of Lead Zirconate‐Titanate Ceramics under Cyclical Load

Electrical Fatigue‐Induced Cracking in Lead Zirconate Titanate Piezoelectric Ceramic and Its Influence Quantitatively Analyzed by Refatigue Method

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