Dynamic Programming Applied to Large Circular Arrays Thinning

Tohidi, Ehsan; Nayebi, Mohammad Mahdi; Behroozi, Hamid

doi:10.1109/tap.2018.2842258

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Since we have known the quantized weights

, the subsequent procedures can be performed similarly to [ 9 , 11 , 32 ]. We first divide the whole circular aperture by

concentric circle, with

being defined as

where

represents the ceiling function.…”

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We emphasize more the sum of the distribution in a narrow ring within a certain radius range. On the other hand, to prevent adverse clustering that further deteriorates the azimuthal symmetric property, the most reasonable way is to space the weights uniformly in the ring [ 11 ]. Then, the problem becomes how to space (at most) two kinds of weights into a ring and make the ring satisfy the rotational symmetry property as much as possible.…”

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the very intensive computational efforts, those stochastic optimization-based methods are not suited for large array thinning [ 8 ]. Later on, the Iterative Fourier Technique (IFT) [ 8 ] as well as its derived IFT-based algorithms [ 9 , 10 ] and more recent dynamic programming [ 11 ] have been successfully applied to large array thinning. Another solution is the nonuniformly distributed arrays, e.g., [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Planar Circular Arrays with Quantized Amplitude Weights

Chen

2021

Sensors

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A new stepwise and radially processed method for synthesizing uniformly distributed circular planar arrays with quantized weights is proposed in this paper. This method is based on a generalized analytical equation describing that for high directivity focusing arrays, minimizing the weighted mean square error between the reference pattern and the synthesized pattern is equivalent to minimizing the mean square error between the radial cumulative distributions of the reference distribution and the synthesized distribution. This principle has been successfully performed for designing large concentric ring arrays, and in this paper, we extend its use for synthesizing uniformly distributed planar circular arrays with quantized weights. Various numerical examples and comparisons with several reported statistical methods in terms of the lowest Maximum SideLobe Level (MSLL) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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“…Since we have known the quantized weights

, the subsequent procedures can be performed similarly to [ 9 , 11 , 32 ]. We first divide the whole circular aperture by

concentric circle, with

being defined as

where

represents the ceiling function.…”

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis of Planar Circular Arrays with Quantized Amplitude Weights

Chen

2021

Sensors

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show abstract

“…arrays [1]- [8]. Particular attention was paid to array pattern synthesis by using a deterministic approach [9]- [16], statistic or heuristic approach by natural algorithm [17], mathematical approach [18], [19], as well as quasi brute force method by evaluating all possible combinations [20]- [22]. Synthesis results have subsequently been applied in more recent years to designs of planar and linear arrays [23]- [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Toolbox of Subarrays for Optimizing Wide-Angular Scanning Arrays Using Trade-Offs Between Scan Loss and Side Lobe Level

2021

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A novel approach is proposed for building a planar array derived from linear arrays using a toolbox of different types of subarrays located parallel and perpendicular to the linear array axes. The array design assumes constant element patterns and focuses on rectangular array applications with one dimensional, wide-angular beam scanning. Optimization criteria concern a trade-off between side lobe level performance, directive gain scan-loss, reducing the number of element controls and maximizing the use of phase-only elements for beam steering. All subarray configurations and functionalities, for improving the full array performance in sidelobe level and scan-loss compensation, are analyzed and validated in detail. The step-by-step integration of different subarrays starts from the center part of the array. This center part is a linear subarray along the major axis of the rectangular array with uniform maximum amplitude and spatially stretched. This subarray is combined with cross-line subarrays perpendicular to this center axis. At both edges of the center array, two in-line, uniform-amplitude and stretched subarrays are added and combined with cross-line subarrays. The amplitude distribution of the 3 in-line subarrays and the cross-line subarrays allows for lowering the sidelobe level in the plane of scanning. Finally, at both ends of the three in-line subarrays, subarrays with two and five elements are applied for reducing the scan-loss. By assuming cos(ϑ) element pattern results are given for a planar rectangular array with 41 elements length and 3 elements width. To lower cost and higher power efficiency, the array uses only 33 multi-bit phase shifters, 12 1-bit phase switches, and 4 attenuators for amplitude control. Optimized broadside and 60 • scanning patterns are compared and show improved performance in directive gain D = 24.4 dBi (broadside), D = 19.9 dBi (60 • ) and in SLL = −21.6 dB (broadside), SLL = −19.5 dB (60 • ).

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“…The optimization process is performed under the constraint of maintaining the amplitude response error in the main beam, and the attenuation in the side lobe region within predetermined levels. In [9], a dynamic programming algorithm for large circular antenna arrays (CAAs) thinning using reduced number of antenna elements is introduced. It divides the CAA into several rings and the optimization problem is confined to the determination of the number of active elements in each ring and turning off the non-active elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Beamforming Technique for the Synthesis of Uniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using Reduced Number of Antenna Elements

2021

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The number of elements reduction in different antenna array configurations such as linear, circular, rectangular, planar, and non-planar is of main concern for several research groups. This minimizes the complexity of the feeding network in static antenna arrays, whereas, in adaptive antenna arrays, it reduces the number of active components. The main issue in the array synthesis is to preserve the radiation pattern with minimum distortion compared to the original pattern. These issues are addressed by many researchers in linear, planar, and concentric circular arrays, but no attempt is made in the synthesis of uniform circular antenna arrays (UCAAs) that have elements distributed on a single circle. This is because the synthesis is almost performed in one plane where the radiation patterns in other planes are not predicted. In this paper, most of the aforementioned challenges are treated; the number of elements is reduced, the radiation pattern has minimum distortion, and the radiation pattern is symmetric in all array orthogonal planes. This is performed by dividing the original UCAA's 3D radiation pattern into a suitable number of 2D plane patterns, each of which is separately synthesized using the specified number of elements. The 2D pattern synthesis process for a particular plane is confined to estimating a new set of non-uniform excitation coefficients while keeping the original UCAA's array radius. To construct the final set of synthesized excitation coefficients for the 3D array pattern synthesis, we aggregate all of the estimated sets of excitation coefficients and take the average. To verify the efficacy of the proposed technique, the original and synthesized arrays are realized using the CST Microwave Studio using 2 ⁄ dipole elements. The results indicated that substantially matched patterns were obtained. Furthermore, the coupling between the synthesized array elements is decreased, which enhances the radiation efficiency and realized array gain.

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Dynamic Programming Applied to Large Circular Arrays Thinning

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Synthesis of Planar Circular Arrays with Quantized Amplitude Weights

Synthesis of Planar Circular Arrays with Quantized Amplitude Weights

A Toolbox of Subarrays for Optimizing Wide-Angular Scanning Arrays Using Trade-Offs Between Scan Loss and Side Lobe Level

A New Beamforming Technique for the Synthesis of Uniform Circular Antenna Arrays Using Reduced Number of Antenna Elements

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