“…Segmentation in pose estimation. Segmentation has been used in 3D hand pose estimation, 3D human pose estimation and hand tracking and can be grouped into four categories: as a localization step [2,21,37,38,59,61], as a training loss [3,5], as an optimization term [7,35,56], or as an intermediate representation [8,36,41,44,58]. Most single hand pose estimation approaches follow Zimmermann et al [61] in localizing a hand in an image by predicting the hand silhouette, which is used to crop the input image before performing pose estimation.…”