“…A further text-to-text generation complication is dividing NLG tasks into three categories, i.e., text abbreviation, text expansion, text rewriting and reasoning. The text abbreviation task is formulated to condense information from long texts to short ones, typically including research on text summarization [6,7,15,17,43,80,99], question generation [4,18,34,36,53,95,104,112,113,130,134], and distractor generation [22,50,60,73,82,86,100,101]. The text expansion tasks, such as short text expansion [5,89,96,106] and topic-to-essay generation [19,81,114,123,129], generate complete sentences or even texts from some meaningful words by considering and adding elements like conjunctions and prepositions to transform the input words into linguistically correct outputs.…”