The effects of manufacturing conditions on the microstructure evolution of Ni-based superalloys are poorly understood, and the interchangeable terminology to describe some microstructure phenomena is inconsistent. This critical review aimed to address these issues through the discussion of seven microstructure phenomena that occur during thermomechanical processing of safety-critical components used in jet engines. Each phenomenon is outlined with reference to grain nucleation and growth mechanisms, as well as processing conditions under which they are observed. The processing conditions where each phenomenon dominates are visualised through a series of contour plots. Through this graphical representation, gaps of understanding in microstructure evolution were identified and accompanied by recommendations for areas of further study.