Dynamic Reflection Phase and Polarization Control in Metasurfaces

Park, Junghyun; Kang, Ju Hyung; Kim, Soo Jin; Liu, Xiaoge; Brongersma, Mark L.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04378

Cited by 337 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is worth noting that spatially noninform tuning is achieved with this design. A similar structure, as shown in Figure b, is investigated by Park et al in the MIR regimes . There is a phase change of π and a relative reflection change of 35%.…”

Section: Tuning Via Free‐carrier Effectssupporting

confidence: 69%

Tunable Metasurfaces Based on Active Materials

Cui

Bai

Sun

2019

Adv Funct Materials

215

111

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Metasurfaces, planer artificial materials composed of subwavelength unit cells, have shown superior abilities to manipulate the wavefronts of electromagnetic waves. In the last few years, metasurfaces have been a burgeoning field of research, with a large variety of functional devices, including planar lenses, beam deflectors, polarization converters, and metaholograms, being demonstrated. Up to date, the majority of metasurfaces cannot be tuned postfabrication. Yet, the dynamic control of optical properties of metasurfaces is highly desirable for a plethora of applications including free space optical communications, holographic displays, and depth sensing. Recently, much effort has been made to exploit active materials, whose optical properties can be controlled under external stimuli, for the dynamic control of metasurfaces. The tunability enabled by active materials can be attributed to various mechanisms, including but not limited to thermo‐optic effects, free‐carrier effects, and phase transitions. This short review summarizes the recent progress on tunable metasurfaces based on various approaches and analyzes their respective advantages and challenges to be confronted with. A number of potential future directions are also discussed at the end.

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Section: Tuning Via Free‐carrier Effectssupporting

confidence: 69%

Tunable Metasurfaces Based on Active Materials

Cui

Bai

Sun

2019

Adv Funct Materials

215

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We did not observe coupling-induced absorption band splitting [35]. This might be due to the dominating F-P resonance in the dielectric spacer for the TLA [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Coupling of Surface Plasmon Polariton in Al-Doped ZnO with Fabry-Pérot Resonance for Total Light Absorption

et al. 2017

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Al-doped ZnO (AZO) can be used as an electrically tunable plasmonic material in the near infrared range. This paper presents finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations on total light absorption (TLA) resulting from the coupling of a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) with Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonance in a three-layer structure consisting of an AZO square lattice hole array, a spacer, and a layer of silver. Firstly, we identified that the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) that will couple to the F-P resonance because of an SPP standing wave in the (1,0) direction of the square lattice. Two types of coupling between SPP and F-P resonance are observed in the simulations. In order to achieve TLA, an increase in the refractive index of the spacer material leads to a decrease in the thickness of the spacer. Additionally, it is shown that the replacement of silver by other, more cost-effective metals has no significance influence on the TLA condition. It is observed in the simulations that post-fabrication tunability of the TLA wavelength is possible via the electrical tunability of the AZO. Finally, electric field intensity distributions at specific wavelengths are computed to further prove the coupling of SPP with F-P resonance. This work will contribute to the design principle for future device fabrication for TLA applications.

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“…[252] By introducing a phase gradient along the propagation direction of light with plasmonic or dielectric nanoantennas, an effective wavevector can be imparted to the incident mode, which can convert the higher-order waveguide mode into a lower-order mode or an SW. Currently, several methods have been proposed to realize dynamically reconfigurable metasurfaces, [255] such as electrical control, [55,153,215,256,257] optical control, [121,[258][259][260] mechanical control, [119,120] and thermal control. [253] Notably, an optical fiber, as another type of waveguide, can also be an important platform to implement phase gradient metasurfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

126

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elements. Thus, realizing phase manipulation of EM waves at the nanoscale has become a key pursuit for the development of modern optics and nanophotonics.Metamaterials are 3D artificial nanostructures composed of periodic subwavelength unit cells that resonantly couple to the incident EM waves, exhibiting effective electric and magnetic responses not found in nature. [1][2][3] However, these promising potential applications are hindered in their applications due to the challenges of fabricating the required complex 3D nanostructures and the inherent metallic losses and strong dispersion of plasmonic elements at optical frequencies. Planar metamaterials, or so-called metasurfaces, can be fabricated using existing technologies, such as the lithography method and have attracted increasing attention due to their feasibility, low loss, and ease of fabrication. [4,5] The most prominent advantage of metasurfaces is that they can generate spatial phase discontinuities over the full 2π range with an optically thin interface; moreover, the resolution is less than one wavelength. Thus, wavefronts can be shaped with a distance of much less than the wavelength. With the increasing development of metasurfaces, the aforementioned limitations can be solved using various ultrathin optical devices, which have properties superior to their conventional counterparts. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Here, we concentrate on the new capabilities of metasurfaces in recent years in manipulating the phase and propagation behaviors of EM waves. In Section 2, we briefly introduce the underlying mechanisms of three types of phase discontinuities. In Section 3, we review the basic applications of phase modulation using metasurfaces. In Section 4, we review more complex and advanced information photonics that have emerged from metasurfaces. In the last section, we provide concluding remarks and an outlook on future development directions. Three Basic Types of Phase Discontinuities Generated by Metasurfaces Resonance PhaseThe pioneering approach to achieve phase discontinuities was to use the dispersion of various metallic nanoantennas, as shown in the left panel of Figure 1a. The optical energy is coupled to surface EM waves propagating back and forth along the antenna surface. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance, these waves are accompanied by oscillating free electrons Relative to conventional phase-modulation optical elements, metasurfaces (i.e., 2D versions of metamaterials) have shown novel optical phenomena and promising functionalities with more compact platforms and more straightforward fabrication processes. With the ability to generate a spatial phase variation, optical wavefronts can be manipulated into arbitrary shapes at will, enabling new phenomena and integrated ultrathin optical devices to be explored. This review is focused on recent developments regarding phase manipulation of electromagnetic waves with metasurfaces. Starting from their underlying physics for realizing full 2π phase manipulation, an overview of the applica...

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Dynamic Reflection Phase and Polarization Control in Metasurfaces

Cited by 337 publications

References 34 publications

Tunable Metasurfaces Based on Active Materials

Tunable Metasurfaces Based on Active Materials

Coupling of Surface Plasmon Polariton in Al-Doped ZnO with Fabry-Pérot Resonance for Total Light Absorption

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

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