Dynamic relationships between spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological activity

Wainio-Theberge, Soren; Wolff, Annemarie; Northoff, Georg

doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02240-9

Cited by 59 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Such a non-additive pre-stimulus-stimulus interaction is indeed confirmed by recent studies in fMRI [ 52 ], EEG/MEG [ 53 , 55 , 83 , 84 ], and cellular recordings [ 85 ]. The pre-stimulus activity provides a temporo-spatial context by means of which it can strongly shape the activity that the external input or stimulus can (or cannot) elicit, that is, stimulus-induced activity: the input effects are not simply added to the ongoing activity ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...supporting

confidence: 61%

“…The second component of ongoing activity can be found in pre-stimulus activity, that is, neural activity immediately preceding the onset of a specific stimulus or task, that is, 100–1000 ms before the onset of the stimulus [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. This can be coined as the ‘temporo-spatial context’ as it precedes stimulus-induced activity but provides a temporo-spatial context for the latter.…”

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that the stimulus remains the same over all trials, the variation in the amplitude across trials can only be due to the carry-over of pre-stimulus activity levels to the post-stimulus interval. One can now measure the trial-to-trial variability during the post-stimulus interval relative to the pre-stimulus variability: one can typically observe a decrease in TTV around 100 to 500 ms during the post-stimulus period in EEG/MEG [ 52 , 53 , 55 , 78 , 84 , 88 ] and fMRI [ 52 , 56 ]. Hence, the ongoing variation in the amplitude of the pre-stimulus activity is carried over to the post-stimulus interval where it is transiently suppressed by the external input/stimulus.…”

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, recent studies in EEG/MEG [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 84 ] and on the cellular level [ 85 ] demonstrate that the level of post-stimulus TTV is strongly dependent on pre-stimulus activity. High levels of pre-stimulus activity lead to higher degrees of transient post-stimulus suppression than low levels of pre-stimulus activity.…”

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the temporal-dynamic side, Wainio-Theberge et al [ 53 ] demonstrate that TTV is related to low and high pre-stimulus activity levels in different ways in different frequency bands. A positive non-additive interaction with strong TTV reduction in especially lower pre-stimulus activity can be observed in the delta band (1–4 Hz), while a negative non-additive interaction with strong TTV reduction in higher pre-stimulus activity is observed in the alpha band (8–12 Hz).…”

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Shorter to Longer Timescales: Converging Integrated Information Theory (IIT) with the Temporo-Spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC)

Northoff

Zilio

2022

Entropy

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Time is a key element of consciousness as it includes multiple timescales from shorter to longer ones. This is reflected in our experience of various short-term phenomenal contents at discrete points in time as part of an ongoing, more continuous, and long-term ‘stream of consciousness.’ Can Integrated Information Theory (IIT) account for this multitude of timescales of consciousness? According to the theory, the relevant spatiotemporal scale for consciousness is the one in which the system reaches the maximum cause-effect power; IIT currently predicts that experience occurs on the order of short timescales, namely, between 100 and 300 ms (theta and alpha frequency range). This can well account for the integration of single inputs into a particular phenomenal content. However, such short timescales leave open the temporal relation of specific phenomenal contents to others during the course of the ongoing time, that is, the stream of consciousness. For that purpose, we converge the IIT with the Temporo-spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC), which, assuming a multitude of different timescales, can take into view the temporal integration of specific phenomenal contents with other phenomenal contents over time. On the neuronal side, this is detailed by considering those neuronal mechanisms driving the non-additive interaction of pre-stimulus activity with the input resulting in stimulus-related activity. Due to their non-additive interaction, the single input is not only integrated with others in the short-term timescales of 100–300 ms (alpha and theta frequencies) (as predicted by IIT) but, at the same time, also virtually expanded in its temporal (and spatial) features; this is related to the longer timescales (delta and slower frequencies) that are carried over from pre-stimulus to stimulus-related activity. Such a non-additive pre-stimulus-input interaction amounts to temporo-spatial expansion as a key mechanism of TTC for the constitution of phenomenal contents including their embedding or nesting within the ongoing temporal dynamic, i.e., the stream of consciousness. In conclusion, we propose converging the short-term integration of inputs postulated in IIT (100–300 ms as in the alpha and theta frequency range) with the longer timescales (in delta and slower frequencies) of temporo-spatial expansion in TTC.

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Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...supporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuronal Mechanisms—from Pre-stimulus To Stimulus-induced Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Shorter to Longer Timescales: Converging Integrated Information Theory (IIT) with the Temporo-Spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC)

Northoff

Zilio

2022

Entropy

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Scale‐free dynamics of core‐periphery topography

Klar

Çatal

Langner

et al. 2022

Human Brain Mapping

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The human brain's cerebral cortex exhibits a topographic division into higher‐order transmodal core and lower‐order unimodal periphery regions. While timescales between the core and periphery region diverge, features of their power spectra, especially scale‐free dynamics during resting‐state and their mdulation in task states, remain unclear. To answer this question, we investigated the ~1/f‐like pink noise manifestation of scale‐free dynamics in the core‐periphery topography during rest and task states applying infra‐slow inter‐trial intervals up to 1 min falling inside the BOLD's infra‐slow frequency band. The results demonstrate (1) higher resting‐state power‐law exponent (PLE) in the core compared to the periphery region; (2) significant PLE increases in task across the core and periphery regions; and (3) task‐related PLE increases likely followed the task's atypically low event rates, namely the task's periodicity (inter‐trial interval = 52–60 s; 0.016–0.019 Hz). A computational model and a replication dataset that used similar infra‐slow inter‐trial intervals provide further support for our main findings. Altogether, the results show that scale‐free dynamics differentiate core and periphery regions in the resting‐state and mediate task‐related effects.

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Non-additive activity modulation during a decision making task involving tactic selection

et al. 2021

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Human brain imaging has revealed that stimulus-induced activity does generally not simply add to the pre-stimulus activity, but rather builds in a non-additive way on this activity. Here we investigate this subject at the single neuron level and address the question whether and to what extent a strong form of non-additivity where activity drops post-cue is present in different areas of monkey cortex, including prefrontal and agranular frontal areas, during a perceptual decision making task involving action and tactic selection. Specifically we analyze spike train data recorded in vivo from the posterior dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (pmPFC), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA). For each neuron, we compute the ratio of the trial-averaged pre-stimulus spike count to the trial-averaged post-stimulus count. We also perform the ratio and averaging procedures in reverse order. We find that the statistics of these quantities behave differently across areas. pmPFC involved in tactic selection shows stronger non-additivity compared to the two other areas which more generically just increase their firing rate pos-stimulus. pmPFC behaved more similarly to pre-SMA, a likely consequence of the reciprocal connections between these areas. The trial-averaged ratio statistic was reproduced by a surrogate inhomogeneous Poisson process in which the measured trial-averaged firing rate for a given neuron is used as its time-dependent rate. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the trial-averaged firing rates of neuronal ensembles further reveals area-specific time courses of response to the stimulus, including latency to peak neural response, for the typical population activity. Our work demonstrates subtle forms of area-specific non-additivity based on the fine variability structure of pre- and post-stimulus spiking activity on the single neuron level. It also reveals significant differences between areas for PCA and surrogate analysis, complementing previous observations of regional differences based solely on post-stimulus responses. Moreover, we observe regional differences in non-additivity which are related to the monkey’s successful tactic selection and decision making.

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Dynamic relationships between spontaneous and evoked electrophysiological activity

Cited by 59 publications

References 101 publications

From Shorter to Longer Timescales: Converging Integrated Information Theory (IIT) with the Temporo-Spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC)

From Shorter to Longer Timescales: Converging Integrated Information Theory (IIT) with the Temporo-Spatial Theory of Consciousness (TTC)

Scale‐free dynamics of core‐periphery topography

Non-additive activity modulation during a decision making task involving tactic selection

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