Dynamic response of flexible square tunnels: centrifuge testing and validation of existing design methodologies

Tsinidis, Grigorios; Pitilakis, Kyriazis; Madabhushi, Spg; Heron, Charles M.

doi:10.1680/geot.sip.15.p.004

Cited by 94 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Some discrepancies may come due to recording issues that are present in soil pressure transducers. 13 In addition, the relative stiffness of sensing plate and effect of grain size distribution may affect the results. 20 In general, peak dynamic stresses from numerical analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The acceleration response of tunnel is higher than surrounding soil for high shaking. 6 Under seismic loading, the tunnel vibrates in rocking mode, and racking 13 also bending deformation occurs in the tunnel. 6 However, most of the researchers are more focused on internal forces, deformation and acceleration developed in tunnel during seismic activity, very few studies have been carried on the stresses generated in the soil during earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of earthquake excitation on circular tunnels: Numerical and experimental study

Singh

Karumanchi

Mandal

et al. 2019

Measurement and Control

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This paper studies the behaviour of circular tunnel subjected to dynamic excitation. Tunnels with three different diameters were selected to perform the shake table test at three different covers. The dry sandy soil was used for testing. The mechanical properties like Young’s modulus and shear modulus of sand was calculated from bender element test. The soil–tunnel interface coefficient was calculated from the direct shear test. The soil pressure generated due to dynamic loading were measured by soil pressure transducers. The actual motion of shake table was captured by hand-held vibration analyser. The tunnel was placed parallel and perpendicular to the direction of shaking. The three-dimensional finite-element model was developed for tunnel with both the orientations. The tunnel was assumed to be elastic. Dry sand was assumed to follow non-linear elasto-plastic material using Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion with non-associated flow rule. The results obtained from numerical analysis are compared with experimental results and are expressed in the form of peak dynamic stresses. The time history and fast Fourier transform results of dynamic stresses are also compared. It shows reasonable agreement with both values. Finally, the seismic design guidelines for tunnel are suggested.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of earthquake excitation on circular tunnels: Numerical and experimental study

Singh

Karumanchi

Mandal

et al. 2019

Measurement and Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The accuracy of the second kind of analysis is evaluated by comparing it to the numerical dynamic analysis and experimental study. The simplified pseudo-static analyses can underestimate or overestimate the full dynamic results with a difference of 20-40% [18]. Arguably, the last category of methods, numerical full-time analysis, is considered as the most accurate method for the seismic analysis of underground structures [13], provided that some of the most important aspects (e.g., soil nonlinearity, relative soil-structure stiffness and soil-structure interface) can be modeled appropriately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaking Table Test on the Response of a Cross Interchange Metro Station under Harmonic Excitations Refers to a Single Two-Storey Metro Station

Ding

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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Interchange is essential in a metro network. Regarding the seismic performance, a series of large-scale shaking table tests were performed on an interchange station. The interchange station was composed of a two-story section rigidly connected to a perpendicular three-story section, leading to an abrupt change of stiffness in the conjunction area. Synthetic model soil (a mixture of sand and sawdust) and granular concrete with galvanized steel wires were used to model the soil–structure system. The seismic motion was input along the transversal direction of the two-story structure, including white noise and sinusoidal seismic excitations. Parallel tests of a single two-story station were correspondingly carried out as a contrast. Test data recorded by accelerometers and strain gauges are presented. The bending strains of the columns measured in the interchange station were found to be smaller than those in the single station. The concentration of the longitudinal strain was observed near the conjunction. Insights on the seismic response of the interchange station are provided.

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“…One of the most well‐known tools for quantifying the damage index is conducting large number of experiments for structure 28–30 . Due to limitations of laboratory facilities and cost, only scaled models are used in most laboratory experiment, and the size effect 31,32 cannot be avoided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most well-known tools for quantifying the damage index is conducting large number of experiments for structure. [28][29][30] Due to limitations of laboratory facilities and cost, only scaled models are used in most laboratory experiment, and the size effect 31,32 cannot be avoided. Those limitations are further amplified in the course of investigating underground structures because of the soil-structure interaction effects that have to be considered in the model.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interstory drift ratio associated with performance objectives for shallow‐buried multistory and span subway stations in inhomogeneous soil profiles

Jiang

Naggar

et al. 2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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The interstory drift ratios (IDRs) associated with the performance objectives for the underground structure are not well defined. In this paper, four levels of performance objectives are defined for shallow-buried subway station structure: operational, immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. In order to develop IDRs corresponding to these performance objectives, 18 subway station structures were selected for this study. Pushover analyses were conducted using three-dimensional finite-element models considering two conditions of seismic loading: vertical and horizontal ground motions; and horizontal ground motion only. Shear-displacement capacity curves of the 18 subway station structures were obtained, and IDR limits were defined for each structure based on the relationship between the capacity curves and performance objective. Statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that the IDR limits considering the vertical ground motion (characterized by the same frequency with horizontal component) are smaller than that without consideration of the vertical ground motion. Based on these results, the IDR limit of 0.05%, 0.21%, 0.46%, and 0.72% is assigned for the four performance levels, respectively, for rectangular frame underground structures. The performance evaluation applied to Daikai station based on the proposed limits is found to be consistent with the actual postearthquake damage observations. The proposed limits of IDR could provide some guidance to the seismic design of underground structures, and could form the basis for developing appropriate performance limits for seismic provisions in design codes relevant to underground structures. K E Y W O R D S interstory drift ratio, performance objective, rectangular frame, underground structure, vertical ground motion 1 INTRODUCTION The performance-based seismic design (PBSD) approach intends to achieve defined performance objectives for the seismic design of the structure in a future earthquake. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) report FEMA-273, 1 FEMA-274 2 introduced the first PBSD procedure, which was aimed at seismic reinforcement of existing buildings, and

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Dynamic response of flexible square tunnels: centrifuge testing and validation of existing design methodologies

Cited by 94 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of earthquake excitation on circular tunnels: Numerical and experimental study

Effect of earthquake excitation on circular tunnels: Numerical and experimental study

Shaking Table Test on the Response of a Cross Interchange Metro Station under Harmonic Excitations Refers to a Single Two-Storey Metro Station

Interstory drift ratio associated with performance objectives for shallow‐buried multistory and span subway stations in inhomogeneous soil profiles

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