Dynamic response of the pelvis under side impact load – a three-dimensional finite element approach

Majumder, Santanu; Roy-Chowdhury, Amit K.; Pal, Subrata

doi:10.1533/ijcr.2004.0274

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Pressure film is an effective tool for quasi-static loading of the hip joint [1, 3,16,17,22,33]. It was not designed, however, to capture the dynamic behavior of actual lateral impact events, with times to peak force less than 30ms in experiments [8,32] and in simulated falls [20,26]. Because articular cartilage is viscoelastic, the recorded pressures reflected the highest magnitude that occurred during the 60-s hold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study was motivated by a paucity of biomechanical data relating contact stresses within the acetabulum to femoral orientation for seated occupants involved in automotive side impacts. While a number of finite element analyses of side impact have been performed [4,13,20,24,25], none of these attempted to model realistic hip contact; therefore, they could not predict the effects of varying hip flexion on acetabular contact and resulting fractures. It is our intent to employ the present experimental contact data to validate finite element models that may be used to investigate pelvic fractures in automotive side impacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finite element models have revealed that stresses during stance are transferred primarily through the dense bone along the anteriorhperior ridge of the acetabulum, revealing a pelvic structure that is well suited for load transfer during ambulation [5,12]. Among existing finite element studies of side impact [4,13,20,24,251, none considered the articular contact at the acetabulum. While these models were predictive of fractures of the pelvic ring, acetabular fractures were not addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contact pressures in the flexed hip joint during lateral trochanteric loading

Sparks

Beason

Etheridge

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Acetabular fractures are an especially problematic outcome of motor vehicle side impacts. While fracture type has been correlated with impact direction and femoral orientation, actual contact pressures in the hip joint have not been quantified for lateral loading conditions. In the present study, we used pressure sensitive film to measure contact areas and pressures in seven hip joints from four cadavers under quasi-static lateral loading through the greater trochanter. The aim was to quantify the interactions of the femoral head with the acetabulum associated with variations in femoral orientation. Three angles of hip flexion (80°, 90°, 100") and hip abduction (-loo, 0", 10') were tested, producing nine test orientations for each joint. We observed that contact areas, pressures, and forces varied significantly with femoral orientation for the adducted hip. The principal locations of load transmission were in the anterior and posterior regions of the acetabulum. For the abducted femur, contact pressures were concentrated anteriorly, and with increased adduction, anterior contact pressures diminished while posterior and superior pressures increased. The movement of pressure sites was consistent with mechanisms of acetabular fractures described by Letournel and Judet and provides new data for validation of finite element models of the pelvis in side impact.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contact pressures in the flexed hip joint during lateral trochanteric loading

Sparks

Beason

Etheridge

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…An elastic law was used and failure was not considered in the current study. The mechanical properties of the pelvis are summarized in Appendix 1 (Ruan et al, 2013;Shi et al, 2015;Kim et al,2009;Majumder et al, 2004;Dalstra et al, 1995;Parfitt et al, 2000;Meyer et al, 2011). Other body regions are also present in all simulations.…”

Section: Piper Scalable Child Hbmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anthropometry scaling on the response of the piper child scalable human body model subject to pelvic impact

Chevalier

Beillas

2020

Journal of Biomechanics

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The Open Source PIPER child scalable human body model was publicly released in April 2017 (www.piperproject.org) along with frontal and side impact validation conditions. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of anthropometry scaling on the response of the model in side pelvic impact. Three setups from two published studies were used: (1) a lateral drop test (2) a greater trochanter impact with a rigid pendulum (3) a pelvis side impact with a flat surface. The first study used scaling assumption developed for crash test dummy design (setups 1 and 2) and the second performed tests on post mortem human surrogates. The baseline 6 years old child model was scaled using a model morphing methodology to match the stature and weight of the surrogates used in the two published studies.Overall, the main trends observed in the three setups can be approached using the baseline model. Although the model morphing did not account for specific skeletal dimensions, it reduced some of the discrepancies between model response and reference for the drop test and flat plate impact. However, it had little effect on the pendulum test. In that case, the model response was in the corridor at low speed but above at higher speeds. Possible reasons for this difference should be further investigated.

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“…Nevertheless, the intricate muscular loading experienced by the joint is still commonly represented using simplistic point load approaches. Many models do not explicitly include muscle forces, instead opting for implicit inclusion through application of a total joint force . Muscle forces, when explicitly included, are typically sourced from published hip joint loading data, although some authors have included time‐varying muscle forces using basic passive Hill‐type muscle models .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of mapped stress‐field boundary conditions based on a Hill‐type muscle model

Cardiff

Karač

FitzPatrick

et al. 2014

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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SUMMARYForces generated in the muscles and tendons actuate the movement of the skeleton. Accurate estimation and application of these musculotendon forces in a continuum model is not a trivial matter. Frequently musculotendon attachments are approximated as point forces, however, accurate estimation of local mechanics requires a more realistic application of musculotendon forces. This paper describes the development of mapped Hill-type muscle models as boundary conditions for a finite volume model of the hip joint, where the calculated muscle fibres map continuously between attachment sites. The applied muscle forces are calculated using active Hill-type models, where input electromyography signals are determined from gait analysis. Realistic muscle attachment sites are determined directly from tomography images. The mapped muscle boundary conditions, implemented in a finite volume structural OpenFOAM solver, are employed to simulate the mid-stance phase of gait using a patient specific natural hip joint, and a comparison is performed with the standard point load muscle approach. It is concluded that physiological joint loading is not accurately represented by simplistic muscle point loading conditions; however, when contact pressures are of sole interest, simplifying assumptions with regard to muscular forces may be valid.

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Dynamic response of the pelvis under side impact load – a three-dimensional finite element approach

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Contact pressures in the flexed hip joint during lateral trochanteric loading

Contact pressures in the flexed hip joint during lateral trochanteric loading

Effect of anthropometry scaling on the response of the piper child scalable human body model subject to pelvic impact

Development of mapped stress‐field boundary conditions based on a Hill‐type muscle model

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