Dynamic restoration of the ferrite and austenite phases during hot compressive deformation of a lean duplex stainless steel

Khatami-Hamedani, H.; Zarei-Hanzaki, A.; Abedi, H.R.; Anoushe, A.S.; Karjalainen, L.P.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2020.139400

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[ 17 ] Hence, it can be inferred that the softening of ferrite at high strain rates occurs through a mechanism similar to DDRX, which is related to the nucleation and growth of new grains. [ 32 ] At high strain rates, the short deformation time significantly inhibits DRV in ferrite, resulting in the accumulation of high strain in the ferrite matrix. This can stimulate the mechanism of DDRX to occur in the ferrite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Rate Dependence of Hot Tensile Behavior, Microstructure Evolution, and Fracture Mechanism of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101

Deng

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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Lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (LDX 2101) shows a good comprehensive performance of local corrosion resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance, and high strength. [1][2][3][4] Compared with conventional duplex stainless steels (DSSs), LDX 2101, which uses cheap Mn and N to replace expensive Ni, is considered a potential candidate for cost efficiency and is widely used as a material in the nuclear, chemical, and food industries. [5] However, compared with other single-phase stainless steels, the hot deformation behavior of LDX 2101 is more complex, which makes it difficult to hot work and significantly hinders its large-scale industrial application. The edge cracking is a long-term problem during the hot deformation process of DSSs, especially for LDX 2101. [3,[6][7][8][9][10] The edge cracking of LDX 2101 under hot deformation conditions has not been completely solved. To avoid hot cracking of steel, several process parameters, such as deformation temperature and strain rate, must be considered. [11,12] Improper process parameters will affect the surface quality of the final product. It is generally believed that strain rate is an important factor affecting the thermal deformation behavior of DSSs. The effect of strain rate on the hot deformation behavior of these DSSs has been investigated by many research groups. Most of these studies have focused on the hot compression process of DSSs, when the material is subjected to compressive stress. Patra et al. observed the microstructure evolution of LDX 2101 during hot compression at 800À1000 C and studied its effect on hot working properties. [1] Kingklang et al. conducted hot compression tests on 2507 DSS at different temperatures and strain rates and proposed a flow stress model that could be used to design and optimize the DSS manufacturing process at high temperatures. [13] Fang et al. observed that cracks formed at the α/γ interface during the hot compression test of LDX 2101 and gradually propagated into the ferrite matrix. [3] Ha et al. studied the high-temperature deformation of (C þ N)-added S32101 DSS by hot compression. The results show that the hot deformation cracking originates from the precipitated phase at the ferriteÀaustenite interphase boundary. [14] Cizek et al. studied the microstructure evolution and softening mechanism of austenite and ferrite in 21CrÀ10NiÀ3Mo DSS by hot compression. A large part of the dynamic softening of austenite is attributed to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX), and the softening mechanism within the ferrite is classified as continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX). [15] Mozumder et al. studies the compressive deformation behavior of FeÀMnÀAlÀNiÀC lightweight steel within a temperature regime of 1223À1423 K and at a strain rate of 10 s À1 . The results show that the face-centered cubic (FCC) phase recrystallizes by DDRX and the body-centered cubic (BCC) phase exhibits a DDRX-like mechanism near the FCC/BCC interphase boundaries. [16] Haghdadi et al. investigated the relationship between the ferrite...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain Rate Dependence of Hot Tensile Behavior, Microstructure Evolution, and Fracture Mechanism of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101

Deng

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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“…The HR-EBSD method enables to visualize the expected localization of the deformation at grain boundaries for this microstructure, Figure 5. This phenomenon, which is explained by the incompatibility of the deformation between the two phases, is often observed in Duplex steels, [69] but also in Dual Phase steels [70].…”

Section: ) Gnd Measurement (Hr Ebsd and Ebsd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental measurement of dislocation density in metallic materials: A quantitative comparison between measurements techniques (XRD, R-ECCI, HR-EBSD, TEM)

Gallet

Perez

Guillou

et al. 2023

Materials Characterization

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“…The difference in the dynamic recovery and recrystallization mechanism of the two phases resulted to the uncoordination of the two phases during hot rolling (HR), and thus the microholes were generated at the phase boundaries, and cracks appeared at the edge of the hot-rolled plate, which affected the yield and quality of products. [4,5] Conversely, compared with thermoplastic, LDSS had better cold working performance, and the cold rolling reduction could reach more than 90%. Therefore, the direct cold rolling of continuous casting billets after solution treatment is proposed to avoid cracking in the process of HR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation Behavior and Texture Evolution of Ferrite and Austenite Phases in Lean Duplex Stainless Steel

Zhang,

Cao,

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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To avoid cracks during hot rolling, a short process of direct cold rolling following solution treatment of the casting billet for preparing lean duplex stainless steel plates is proposed. The effect of cold rolling reduction on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of UNS S32101 is investigated. The results show that dislocation slip is the main character in ferrite, which leads to dislocation tangles, dislocation cells, high‐density dislocation walls, and deformed microbands. However, twinning and strain‐induced martensite transformation (SIMT) occur in austenite, and the SIMT mechanism of austenite follows the classical model γ → ε → α′ and γ → α′, with the orientation relationship of Kurdjumov–Sachs ( and ) and Nishyama–Wassermann (N–W) ( and ). Meanwhile, at 50%, there is a transition from Cu texture to Brass texture in the austenite phase. At 12.5%, the yield strength is 344 MPa higher than that of the traditional hot rolling process, and the elongation remains about 35%. With the increasing cold rolling reduction, the elongation decreases while the strength rises significantly. Strengthening dislocations, fine‐tuning grains, and SIMT are the primary contributors to the improvement in strength.

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Dynamic restoration of the ferrite and austenite phases during hot compressive deformation of a lean duplex stainless steel

Cited by 33 publications

References 49 publications

Strain Rate Dependence of Hot Tensile Behavior, Microstructure Evolution, and Fracture Mechanism of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101

Strain Rate Dependence of Hot Tensile Behavior, Microstructure Evolution, and Fracture Mechanism of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2101

Experimental measurement of dislocation density in metallic materials: A quantitative comparison between measurements techniques (XRD, R-ECCI, HR-EBSD, TEM)

Deformation Behavior and Texture Evolution of Ferrite and Austenite Phases in Lean Duplex Stainless Steel

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