The kinematic shakedown method is used to evaluate the dynamic cyclic collapse loads for a clamped reinforced concrete plate. The method, based on reduced kinematic formulae recently derived by the author, requires determination of the ®ctitious elastic ®elds within the plates, in particular ± their envelope corresponding to the external loads, and construction of potential incremental collapse mechanisms. The load amplitude-frequency diagrams constructed should help to choose the necessary reinforcements for the plate under given loading conditions.Key words Kinematic shakedown, reinforced plate, dynamic cyclic collapse, quasiperiodic load, incremental collapse, ®ctitious elastic ®eld
IntroductionThe behaviour of many reinforced concrete plates subjected to simple¯exure can be described approximately by an elastic-perfectly plastic moment-curvature diagram. In particular, the simple Johansen yield criterion has been accepted for doubly reinforced concrete slabs, [7,12,17,21]. However, depending on the orientation and amount of the reinforcements, the particular values of the yield moment may locally differ in positive and negative bending, and depend on the bending direction in the plate's plane. This adds complexity to the engineering analysis of the structure, but makes its design more¯exible to meet the cost and load-bearing requirements. The plastic upper-bound kinematic method, involving construction of a collapse mechanism with yield curves and lines, has been developed successfully to evaluate the loadbearing capacity of a plate under static loads, [7,8,12,21]. Although for structures subjected to loading cycles the plastic limit design [20] is less conservative than the shakedown design [10,14,22], the latter is less often used in practice, mostly because of its mathematical complexity. Applications of the upper-bound kinematic approach in shakedown analysis of structures based on Koiter's theorem [10] have been attempted in a number of studies [6, 11, 15±19]. Recently, a reduced shakedown upper-bound kinematic theorem for reinforced plates, suitable for possible applications, has been formulated in [11]. This approach will be used in the present paper. Alternative upper-bound approaches, based on the dual form of the static theorem, formulated by means of convex analysis, are developed in [4,9,13]. Perhaps the most striking feature of the shakedown analysis is that it applies to general dynamic problems, which lie outside the framework of the plastic limit design, [1,2,3,5,15,16]. Many practical structures are subjected not only to static and quasistatic loads, but also to certain dynamic¯uctuating ones called the quasiperiodic dynamic loads, see [15]), such as action of working machines and transport upon the structure. As we shall see, at certain frequency ranges, the¯uctuating loads can become critical for a plate, even at relatively small amplitudes. In such cases, the plastic limit design should be replaced by the safer shakedown design, that is, the approach we follow in this work.
2The reduced ki...