Dynamic Simulation of Humid Air Environmental Control System

Tu, Yubin

doi:10.2514/6.2010-6305

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…It is a 1-D thermo-fluid systems simulation that linearises model coefficients to achieve good convergence properties. Tu, Y. and Lin, G. P. 75 developed an ECS model using FlowmasterV7, which is programmed in C++ language, and the sub-block parameter method was used for mathematical modelling of the components. The work focussed mostly on developing the cabin temperature control system using expert Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, which uses the fuzzy algorithm to adjust the PID parameters.…”

Section: Flowmastermentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of aircraft environmental control system simulation and diagnostics

Chowdhury

Ali

Jennions

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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The aircraft Environmental Control System (ECS) enables the aircraft to maintain a comfortable and safe environment for its passengers throughout its operating envelope. The Pressurised Air Conditioner (PACK) is the heart of the ECS, and is composed of multiple sub-systems: heat exchangers, valves, compressor, turbine, and a water separator. The PACK’s principle function is to enable conditioning of the hot, high pressure bleed air from the engine or APU, for temperature, pressure and humidity against the cabin requirements. The operation of the PACK is governed by a control system which has the ability to mask degradation in its component during operation until severe degradation or failure results. The required maintenance is then both costly and disruptive. The PACK has been reported as major driver of unscheduled maintenance by the operators. The aviation industry is currently proactively exploring innovative health management solutions that aid the maintenance of aircraft key systems based on predictive based maintenance approaches using online condition monitoring techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the simulation and diagnostic methodologies applicable to fault diagnostics of the ECS PACK. The existing literature suggests that model-based and data-driven methods are effective for conducting fault detection and isolation of the PACK system. The conceived findings indicate that the model-based diagnostic approach have been extensively employed to conduct PACK diagnostics at component level only. Their successful implementation requires robust experimental verification and validation against the actual data under healthy and faulty conditions. Although a substantial amount of work has been reported on developing first principles based simulation models and diagnostic strategies for the ECS, the acquired findings suggest that there is a compelling need for a verified and validated ECS simulation model to enable accurate PACK system-level diagnostics based on single and multiple component level degradation scenarios. It has also been identified that the existing literature lacks the evaluation of humidity regulation and the effect of the control system on the PACK performance characteristics. Finally, a taxonomy of diagnostic techniques and simulation models is compiled based on the available literature.

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Section: Flowmastermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both steady-state and dynamic analysis was validated experimentally with a maximum and minimum deviation of 4.3°C and 0.2°C. 75 It is to be noted that the verification did not involve pressure and mass flow readings.…”

Section: Flowmastermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of aircraft environmental control system simulation and diagnostics

Chowdhury

Ali

Jennions

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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“…In the last four decades a handful of ECS simulation models have emerged in the literature, including: (i) EASY5 [9], [10], (ii) FLECS [11], [12], (iii) Flowmaster [13], [14],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Ground Test Facility for Aircraft Environmental Control System

Chowdhury

Ali

Jennions

2023

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications

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In this paper the experimental investigation of a Boeing 737 aircraft Environmental Control System (ECS) passenger air conditioner (PACK) has been reported. The PACK is the heart of the ECS that conditions bleed air prior to supplying it to the cabin and avionics bay. Its capability to mask fault occurrences has resulted in increased unscheduled maintenance of the system. As such it has been a key research topic to understand PACK performance characteristics in order to support an accurate diagnostic solution. This paper is a continuation of the authors' work on the development of a systematically derived PACK simulation model and reports the overall development and qualification of a novel in-situ ground test facility (GTF) for the experimental investigation of a B737-400 aircraft PACK under various operating modes, including the effect of trim air system. The developed GTF enables the acquisition of the temperature, pressure and mass flow data throughout the PACK. The overall process of instrumentation selection, installation, sensor uncertainty, and testing in terms of data repeatability and consistency has been reported. The acquired data is then employed to conduct a V&V of the SESAC simulation framework. The reported research work therefore enables the advancement in the level of scientific understanding corresponding to the ECS PACK operation under real operating conditions, and therefore supports the development of a robust simulation framework.

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“…Airborne testing is an expensive and time consuming process; due to the requirements of aircraft recertification for on-board test equipment and difficulties associated with full scale aircraft operation. ECS modelling is well documented, but not so well validated due to the aforementioned difficulties [5][6][7][8] . 1 Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK * Correspondence address: R.Chen@lboro.ac.uk 2 BAE Systems Military Air & Information, Warton, Lancashire, UK T A significant proportion of aircraft downtime can be attributed to ECS issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%