Dynamic smile evaluation in different skeletal patterns

Abstract

Different skeletal patterns exhibit their characteristic smile features. Upper lip length is not responsible for increased incisal display during smile. Increased incisal display during smile is more closely associated with upper lip elevation than vertical skeletal and dental factors.

A Comparison of Facial Proportions in Pleasing and Unpleasing Smile Photographs from Nepalese Population

“…13 The average smile index of males in current study (5.690 1.224,ES and 6.354 1.670,US) were smaller from that of world's infl uential leaders (8.040±4.098) but in case of females (6.086 1.163,ES and 6.480 1.698,US), consistency was observed to the world's infl uential female leaders (6.234±1.662). 14 Siddiqui et al 25 reported the mean interlabial gap and outer intercommissural width for diff erent skeletal patterns. If we derive the smile index, the highest average smile index in their study was for horizontal growers (male, 6.21 and female, 5.98), it was found to be inconsistent to current study (Table 2).…”

Cephalometric characteristics of postorthodontic female patients with attractive and unattractive frontal posed smiles

“…12 However, the causes of gummy smile include not only the extruded maxillary incisor 11 but also the shorter length of the upper lip at rest and when smiling 32 and muscular hyperactivity in elevating the upper lip when smiling. 10,11,33 Therefore, in addition to the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue morphologies, activity of the perioral and facial muscles creating the smile could represent another important factor when investigating this issue in future studies.…”

“…In contrast, Oh et al 16 obtained significant but relatively weak relationships between the facial attractiveness of a set of full-face photographs and some vertical and anteroposterior skeletal measurements in cephalometric analysis. Other stud-ies have observed a significant influence of the skeletal pattern on the size of the buccal corridor 5 and smile arc classification, 10 but no significant association has been observed with gummy smile evaluations. 11 Therefore, based on findings from those previous studies, no agreement has been reached regarding the morphological characteristics needed to achieve an attractive smile after orthodontic treatment.…”

“…1,2 Attention to smile evaluations in facial esthetics has recently been increasing in orthodontic diagnosis. 3 Among several previously proposed evaluations of frontal smile, buccal corridor, 4,5 smile line or smile arc, 4,[6][7][8][9][10] and amount of exposure of maxillary gingiva or gummy smile 6,11 have become essential items in current orthodontic diagnosis. 3,12 To create esthetically improved smiles for individual patients after orthodontic treatment by setting optimized treatment goals, the relationship between the evaluation results of facial esthetics and lateral cephalometric analysis has been investigated.…”

Comparison of the Anterior Tooth and Lip Esthetic Characteristics of Hani and Han Youth in China When Speaking

“…That is the reason why smile esthetics have become a focus for the study of maxillofacial esthetics. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Some studies have revealed that only considering the tooth-lip relationship in relation to smiling leads (oral) esthetic design in the wrong direction, while the characteristics of patients during normal speech could provide important information for esthetic treatment. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] There are few studies of tooth-lip esthetics when speaking, and most of these studies have focused on the oral esthetic parameters of the English pronunciation of "M", "E", "F", and "S"; dynamic esthetic parameters based on the pronunciation of minoritygroup languages have never been reported.…”