Dynamic Viscosity of Indium Oxide-Ethylene Glycol (In₂O₃-EG) Nanofluids: An Experimental Investigation

Abstract

Nanofluids, which are suspensions of nanoparticles, are interesting engineering materials, which might find numerous applications in industry. Unfortunately, there is no coherent theoretical model describing viscosity of nanofluids and further experimental and theoretical studies of this issue should be performed. This paper makes a contribution to this field. Dynamic viscosity of ethylene glycol based nanofluids containing indium oxide nanoparticles was measured in shear rate range from 10 s −1 to 1000 s −1 at constant temperature. It was presented that those materials exhibit Newtonian nature. Viscosity increases with the volume fraction of particles in nanofluids, and the Krieger-Dougherty equation could be applied to describe this increase. Additionally, a dependence of viscosity on temperature was examined in the range from 278.15 K to 338.15 K with constant shear rate 100 s −1 .

Surface Tension of Ethylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids Containing Three Types of Oxides: Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and Indium Oxide (In$$_2$$O$$_3$$)

“…One of these is the work of Fal et al [21] in which they found an increase in the electrical conductivity of these nanofluids with both concentration and temperature. The maximum increase in electrical conductivity of In 2 O 3 -EG nanofluids, 27 300% was detected for a volume fraction of 0.0081 at 333.15 K. Żyła et al [22] presented the results of an experimental study of the dynamic viscosity of indium oxide nanofluids in ethylene glycol and found that these materials exhibit Newtonian character for each nanoparticle fraction tested. They presented in their results that viscosity increases with nanoparticle fraction, and showed that temperature has a strong influence on the viscosity of these materials.…”