“…3 The second strand uses volume as a proxy for times when there are a large number of liquidity trades. Such papers include Campbell, Grossman, and Wang (1993), Llorente, Michaely, Saar, and Wang (2002), and Avramov, Chordia, and Goyal (2006). The third strand extends work with unsigned volume to signed order imbalances-see Subrahmanyam (2002, 2005), Chordia and Subrahmanyam (2004), Lee, Liu, Roll, and Subrahmanyam (2004), and Kaniel, Saar, and Titman (2008).…”