Dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection: A new approach

Abstract

This paper introduces a new dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection based on cooperative control of distributed multi‐agent systems and graph theoretical methods. For power system cooperative protection, a new voting method is designed that manages each agent's cooperation according to each protection area. Cooperative protection areas work together and make a wide area of cooperative protection for the specific protection scheme. As the power system configuration varies, the voting management and the wide‐area cooperative protection dynamically change. The proposed protection method decisions are collective, while a centralized master does not exist, and local information is used. A fault detection code and a wide‐area fault detection code are presented for fault detection. The suggested dynamic wide‐area cooperative protection scheme is tested on an IEEE 39‐bus test system. The proposed protection performance is studied as backup protection for distance relays during normal, stable power swings, unstable power swings, and load encroachment conditions.

A new virtual consensus‐based wide area differential protection

“…In the authors' previous article, a method was introduced that relied on iterative processes, with each iteration taking 25 ms. However, the time required for the proposed protection prediction was lower than the protection time for the distance third zone [6]. In contrast, the method presented in this article does not involve iterations, resulting in a faster and more efficient protection system.…”

“…Consider Figure 1 and a network of decision-making agents with the following dynamics [6,[15][16][17]:…”

“…However, power systems' increasing complexity and interconnectivity introduce vulnerabilities that can lead to widespread blackouts, posing significant challenges to grid reliability and resilience [1][2][3][4][5]. Hence, to mitigate the propagation of blackouts, it is essential to employ innovative methods akin to those elucidated by these authors in their prior article [6].…”

Wide-Area Protection System for Radial Smart Distribution Networks

“…Ref. [18] introduces a dynamic approach to wide-area cooperative protection, employing cooperative control of distributed multi-agent systems and graph theoretical techniques to oversee the cooperation of each agent within designated protection areas and adjust to changing power system configurations. Simultaneous optimization of partitioning and optical communication link placement in wide-area protection systems is presented in [19] to minimize construction costs while ensuring reliable and real-time data transmission.…”

A Reliability-Based Construction Approach for Wide-Area Backup Protection Systems Utilizing Phasor Measurement Units in Smart Grids

“…With the advent of high-speed communication, distributed computing, and modern sensors, phasor measurement units (PMUs) has been widely deployed in smart grids 1 . Time synchronized PMUs with the global positioning system can acquire voltage, current and frequency data of power grids 2 .…”