Dynamical and transport properties of liquid gallium at high pressures

Sheppard, Daniel; Mazevet, S.; Cherne, F. J.; Albers, R. C.; Kadau, Kai; Germann, Timothy C.; Kress, J. D.; Collins, L. A.

doi:10.1103/physreve.91.063101

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][24][25][26] Elementary gallium is another interesting substance that shares some common features with water, e.g., having multisolid phases and negatively sloped melting line. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Tien et al 35 observed two separate peaks at 260 K and 220 K in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of opal-confined gallium which is interpreted as the existence of two liquid gallium phases confined in opal. Using computer simulations, Jara et al 36 reported that gallium has two states of liquid, a) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous properties and the liquid-liquid phase transition in gallium

Sun

2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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A group of materials including water and silicon exhibit many anomalous behaviors, e.g., density anomaly and diffusivity anomaly (increase upon compression). These materials are hypothesized to have a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) and the critical fluctuation in the vicinity of the liquid-liquid critical point is considered as the origin of different anomalies. Liquid gallium was also reported to have a LLPT, yet whether it shows similar water-like anomalies is not yet studied. Using molecular dynamics simulations on a modified embedded-atom model, we study the thermodynamic, dynamic, and structural properties of liquid gallium as well as its LLPT. We find that, similar to water-like materials predicted to have the LLPT, gallium also shows different anomalous behaviors (e.g., density anomaly, diffusivity anomaly, and structural anomaly). We also find that its thermodynamic and structural response functions are continuous and show maxima in the supercritical region, the loci of which asymptotically approach to the other and merge to the Widom line. These phenomena are consistent with the supercritical phenomenon in a category of materials with a liquid-liquid critical point, which could be common features in most materials with a LLPT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous properties and the liquid-liquid phase transition in gallium

Sun

2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…The density of the liquid metal is 6360 kg/m 3 and the parameters for the EOS are taken from Ref. 16. The presence of the 1 − 3 nm-thick gallium oxide layer 7 is neglected because it does not cause qualitative changes in fluid-mechanical and optical properties of the metal.…”

Section: Fig 1 (A)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beamed UV sonoluminescence by aspherical air bubble collapse near liquid-metal microparticles

Boyd

Suslov

Becker

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Irradiation with UV-C band ultraviolet light is one of the most commonly used ways of disinfecting water contaminated by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Sonoluminescence, the emission of light from acoustically-induced collapse of air bubbles in water, is an efficient means of generating UV-C light. However, because a spherical bubble collapsing in the bulk of water creates isotropic radiation, the generated UV-C light fluence is insufficient for disinfection. Here, we show that we can create a UV light beam from aspherical air bubble collapse near a gallium-based liquid-metal microparticle. The beam is perpendicular to the metal surface and is caused by the interaction of sonoluminescence light with UV plasmon modes of the metal. We calculate that such beams can generate fluences exceeding 10 mJ/cm 2 , which is sufficient to irreversibly inactivate most common pathogens in water with the turbidity of more than 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units.Introduction.-The ability of UV-C light (200 − 280 nm) to inactivate bacteria, viruses and protozoa is widely used as an environmentally-friendly, chemical-free and highly effective means of disinfecting and safeguarding water against pathogens responsible for cholera, polio, typhoid, hepatitis and other bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases 1 . UV-C light inactivates pathogens through absorption of radiation energy by their cellular RNA and DNA prompting the formation of new bonds between adjacent nucleotides. This results in a photochemical damage that renders pathogens incapable of reproducing and infecting 1 .However, some pathogens can recover from photochemical damage when the initial UV dosage (fluence) is not sufficiently high 1 . Thus, the fluence must exceed 5 and 10 mJ/cm 2 , respectively, to inactivate 99% and 99.9% of Giardia and Cryptosporidium pathogens 2 . These specifications are for water purified from solid particles larger than 5 − 10 µm [turbidity less than 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU)] 2 . Otherwise, particles can shield pathogens from the UV light, thereby allowing many pathogens to recover and infect.The filtration of natural water presents significant challenges for remote communities and developing nations 2 . Moreover, filtered water, dissolved iron, organic salts and the pathogen population itself absorb UV-C light. Therefore, a 50% UV radiation loss has been accepted as suitable for practical use 1 .To enable UV disinfection of turbid water, we use the effect of sonoluminescence-the emission of broadband UV light in acoustically-induced collapse of air bubbles in water 3,4 . Air bubbles suitable for sonoluminescence can be created in natural water 5 and we show that they can act as compact sources of germicidal radiation lo-

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“…Their theoretical research results revealed the distinct differences between the density, viscosity, electrical resistivity and diffusion activation energy of liquid gallium at approximately 1000 K. This discovery will further inspire more studies on liquid-to-liquid crossover in metallic liquids. Later, the thermodynamic and transport properties of liquid Ga at high pressure were also studied by Sheppard et al 24 For liquid Sn, Calderı ´n et al calculated the structure, dynamics and electronic properties at 573 K and 1273 K by using a 205 atoms system. The calculated structure, diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity are in good agreement with the experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%