Dynamical Assessment of the Work Conditions of Reinforcement Tie-Rods in Historical Masonry Structures

Coïsson, Eva; Collini, Luca; Ferrari, Lia; Garziera, Rinaldo; Riabova, Kseniia

doi:10.1080/15583058.2018.1563231

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The identification of tie-rod natural frequencies can be carried out using any instrument capable of measuring the motion characteristics (displacement, velocity, acceleration) of the rod's axis. As of today, the most used devices are accelerometers [6][7][8][9][10][13][14][15][16][17]. These sensors may be used to perform either an Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) [16,17] or an Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) [6][7][8][9][10][13][14][15].…”

Section: Existing Techniques To Measure Tie-rod Natural Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic methods, on the other hand, require the identification of vibrational characteristics of the rod, either natural frequencies alone or the former together with the corresponding modal shapes. Varying in complexity and accuracy, several dynamic methods have been proposed, such as those by [7][8][9][10]. Accelerometers are the sensors commonly used to identify tie-rod natural frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Assessment of Axial Load in Tie-Rods by Means of Acoustic Measurements

2020

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Tie-rods are structural elements of crucial importance in ancient buildings to ensure structural integrity and safety, so the assessment of their effectiveness via an estimation of the axial load is of great importance. Dynamic techniques are often employed using accelerometers to measure the frequency response of the tie-rods. In this work, the frequency response of tie-rods is obtained with acoustic recording, thus introducing general-purpose microphones to potentially replace more expensive and complex sensors in this application. Two microphones were tested, one of known technical characteristics, and a second for which they were unknown. A procedure was designed to overcome the technical limitations of the latter, and two experimental campaigns were conducted to test the proposed method.

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Section: Existing Techniques To Measure Tie-rod Natural Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Assessment of Axial Load in Tie-Rods by Means of Acoustic Measurements

2020

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“…A review of the state of the art on the topic of vibration-based tie-rod monitoring revealed that the attention of the researchers has been mainly focused on the identification of the axial load as a mean to assess the state of health of structures (the arch or vault where the tie-rod is adopted) [ 15 ]. Indeed, the only possible direct measurement of tie-rod tension must be obtained through the adoption of strain gauges calibrated during a tensioning procedure, which is not a viable solution when operating tie-rods are considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Detection of Real Damage in Operating Tie-Rods

Lucà

Manzoni

Cigada

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Many researchers have proposed vibration-based damage-detection approaches for continuous structural health monitoring. Translation to real applications is not always straightforward because the proposed methods have mostly been developed and validated in controlled environments, and they have not proven to be effective in detecting real damage when considering real scenarios in which environmental and operational variations are not controlled. This work was aimed to develop a fully-automated strategy to detect damage in operating tie-rods that only requires one sensor and that can be carried out without knowledge of physical variables, e.g., the axial load. This strategy was created by defining a damage feature based on tie-rod eigenfrequencies and developing a data-cleansing strategy that could significantly improve performance of outlier detection based on the Mahalanobis squared distance in real applications. Additionally, the majority of damage-detection algorithms presented in the literature related to structural health monitoring were validated in controlled environments considering simulated damage conditions. On the contrary, the approach proposed in this paper was shown to allow for the early detection of real damage associated with a corrosion attack under the effects of an intentionally uncontrolled environment.

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“…This, of course, is not a viable solution for already installed tie-rods. For this reason, many researchers focused on indirect approaches for the identification of the tensile force [ 8 ], based on static [ 9 , 10 ], static–dynamic [ 11 ] or fully dynamic [ 12 , 13 ] in situ indirect measurements. While the main shortcomings of static and static–dynamic approaches are related to the complicated experimental procedures, fully dynamic methods are based on the estimation of the tie-rod modal parameters, which can be more easily estimated due to the slenderness of these structural elements that allows, for instance, the adoption of output-only operational modal analysis [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Damage Detection Approach for Axially Loaded Beam-like Structures Based on Gaussian Mixture Model

Lucà

Manzoni

Cerutti

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Axially loaded beam-like structures represent a challenging case study for unsupervised learning vibration-based damage detection. Under real environmental and operational conditions, changes in axial load cause changes in the characteristics of the dynamic response that are significantly greater than those due to damage at an early stage. In previous works, the authors proposed the adoption of a multivariate damage feature composed of eigenfrequencies of multiple vibration modes. Successful results were obtained by framing the problem of damage detection as that of unsupervised outlier detection, adopting the well-known Mahalanobis squared distance (MSD) to define an effective damage index. Starting from these promising results, a novel approach based on unsupervised learning data clustering is proposed in this work, which increases the sensitivity to damage and significantly reduces the uncertainty associated with the results, allowing for earlier damage detection. The novel approach, which is based on Gaussian mixture model, is compared with the benchmark one based on the MSD, under the effects of an uncontrolled environment and, most importantly, in the presence of real damage due to corrosion.

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Dynamical Assessment of the Work Conditions of Reinforcement Tie-Rods in Historical Masonry Structures

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Dynamic Assessment of Axial Load in Tie-Rods by Means of Acoustic Measurements

Dynamic Assessment of Axial Load in Tie-Rods by Means of Acoustic Measurements

Automatic Detection of Real Damage in Operating Tie-Rods

A Damage Detection Approach for Axially Loaded Beam-like Structures Based on Gaussian Mixture Model

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