Dynamical evolution of a young planetary system: stellar flybys in co-planar orbital configuration

Cattolico, Raffaele Stefano; Capuzzo-Dolcetta, Roberto

doi:10.1007/s10509-020-03885-4

Astrophys Space Sci

2020

DOI: 10.1007/s10509-020-03885-4

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Dynamical evolution of a young planetary system: stellar flybys in co-planar orbital configuration

Raffaele Stefano Cattolico

Roberto Capuzzo-Dolcetta

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Cited by 3 publications

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References 22 publications

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“…Similarly, planetary systems as they might interact with a cluster environment have been modeled, but often with mock fly-bys of a star rather than a fully evolved cluster (e.g. Reche et al 2009;Cattolico & Capuzzo-Dolcetta 2020). A union of these two simultaneous phenomena, a binary's effect on planets and a cluster's effect on a binary, is necessitated by the ubiquitous nature of these interactions in young systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dynamical fates of S-type planetary systems in embedded cluster environments

Ellithorpe

Kaib

2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The majority of binary star systems that host exoplanets will spend the first portion of their lives within a star-forming cluster that may drive dynamical evolution of the binary-planet system. We perform numerical simulations of S-type planets, with masses and orbital architecture analogous to the Solar system’s 4 gas giants, orbiting within the influence of a 0.5 M⊙ binary companion. The binary-planet system is integrated simultaneously with an embedded stellar cluster environment. ∼10 per cent of our planetary systems are destabilized when perturbations from our cluster environment drive the binary periastron toward the planets. This destabilization occurs despite all of our systems being initialized with binary orbits that would allow stable planets in the absence of the cluster. The planet-planet scattering triggered in our systems typically results in the loss of lower mass planets and the excitement of the eccentricities of surviving higher mass planets. Many of our planetary systems that go unstable also lose their binary companions prior to cluster dispersal and can therefore masquerade as hosts of eccentric exoplanets that have spent their entire histories as isolated stars. The cluster-driven binary orbital evolution in our simulations can also generate planetary systems with misaligned spin-orbit angles. This is typically done as the planetary system precesses as a rigid disk under the influence of an inclined binary, and those systems with the highest spin-orbit angles should often retain their binary companion and possess multiple surviving planets.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical fates of S-type planetary systems in embedded cluster environments

Ellithorpe

Kaib

2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The dynamical evolution of protoplanetary discs and planets in dense star clusters

Flammini Dotti,

Capuzzo-Dolcetta,

Kouwenhoven

2023

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Most stars are born in dense stellar environments where the formation and early evolution of planetary systems may be significantly perturbed by encounters with neighbouring stars. To investigate on the fate of circumstellar gas disks and planets around young stars dense stellar environments, we numerically evolve star-disk-planet systems. We use the N-body codes NBODY6++GPU and SnIPES for the dynamical evolution of the stellar population, and the SPH-based code GaSPH for the dynamical evolution of protoplanetary disks. The secular evolution of a planetary system in a cluster differs from that of a field star. Most stellar encounters are tidal, adiabatic and nearly-parabolic. The parameters that characterize the impact of an encounter include the orientation of the protoplanetary disk and planet relative to the orbit of the encountering star, and the orbital phase and the semi-major axis of the planet. We investigate this dependence for close encounters (rp/a ≤ 100, where rp is the periastron distance of the encountering star and a is the semi-major axis of the planet). We also investigate distant perturbers (rp/a ≫ 100), which have a moderate effect on the dynamical evolution of the planet and the protoplanetary disk. We find that the evolution of protoplanetary disks in star clusters differs significantly from that of isolated systems. When interpreting the outcome of the planet formation process, it is thus important to consider their birth environments.

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Influence of planets on debris discs in star clusters – II. The impact of stellar density

Wu,

Kouwenhoven,

Flammini Dotti

et al. 2024

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present numerical simulations of planetary systems in star clusters with different initial stellar densities, to investigate the impact of the density on debris disc dynamics. We use lps+ to combine N-body codes nbody6++gpu and rebound for simulations. We simulate debris discs with and without a Jupiter-mass planet at 50 au, in star clusters with $N=$ 1k–64k stars. The spatial range of the remaining planetary systems decreases with increasing N. As cluster density increases, the planet’s influence range first increases and then decreases. For debris particles escaping from planetary systems, the probability of their direct ejection from the star cluster decreases as their initial semimajor axis ($a_0$) or the cluster density increases. The eccentricity and inclination of surviving particles increase as cluster density increases. The presence of a planet leads to lower eccentricities and inclinations of surviving particles. The radial density distribution of the remaining discs decays exponentially in sparse clusters. We derive a general expression of the gravitational encounter rate. Our results are unable to directly explain the scarcity of debris discs in star clusters. Nevertheless, given that many planetary systems have multiple planets, the mechanism of the planet-cluster combined gravitational influence on the disc remains appealing as a potential explanation.

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Dynamical evolution of a young planetary system: stellar flybys in co-planar orbital configuration

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Dynamical fates of S-type planetary systems in embedded cluster environments

Dynamical fates of S-type planetary systems in embedded cluster environments

The dynamical evolution of protoplanetary discs and planets in dense star clusters

Influence of planets on debris discs in star clusters – II. The impact of stellar density

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