Dynamical image potential and induced forces for charged particles moving parallel to a solid surface

Arista, N. R.

doi:10.1103/physreva.49.1885

Cited by 67 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The influence of surface excitations on the reflection partial intensities was taken into account in these simulations using Arista's model for the depth dependence of the inelastic surface-scattering probability. 45 It is seen that these curves are approximately parallel on a semilogarithmic scale, implying that the partial intensities for bulk and surface excitations can be factorized into bulk and surface-dependent factors:…”

Section: Reflection Electron Energy-loss Spectroscopy (Reels)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis using the partial‐intensity approach (PIA)

Werner

2005

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The partial-intensity approach for simulating electron scattering is outlined, and relevant algorithms that were introduced in the past decade are presented. This is important for understanding the signal generation and surface sensitivity for a wide variety of techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Auger-photoelectron coincidence spectroscopy (APECS), elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES), reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), total electron yield (TEY) and the like. In particular, the so-called trajectory-reversal algorithm is discussed, both for emission problems (relevant for XPS, AES, and APECS) as well as for reflection problems (relevant for EPES and REELS), as this algorithm allows one to achieve enhanced efficiencies in simulations of many orders of magnitude compared to a conventional simulation. It is then shown that the simulation of the partial intensities (i.e. the number of n-fold inelastically scattered electrons) is not only useful for simulation of model spectra but is also essential for truly quantitative interpretation of experimental spectra. Finally, the stochastic process for multiple scattering beyond the constant cross-section approximation is treated. Using the generalized stochastic process, the above approaches can be extended to techniques such as EPMA, TEY and the like in a straightforward way. Illustrative examples are given for the topics mentioned above.

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Section: Reflection Electron Energy-loss Spectroscopy (Reels)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis using the partial‐intensity approach (PIA)

Werner

2005

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…Within the surface response formalism one finds for the position dependent stopping power for a particle moving with charge Q and velocity y in front of the surface (atomic units) [6,11] S͑z͒…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2 represent calculations of the energy loss of a projectile with charge Q on the basis of a surface response formalism. This formalism has been successfully applied to treat electronic excitations [1][2][3]11], Auger-type processes [12,13], formation of wake potentials [14], etc. We use the surface response function ͓´͑v͒ 2 1͔͓͞´͑v͒ 1 1͔ with the dielectric constant´͑v͒ deduced from optical data for LiF [15], i.e., we neglect a spatial dispersion´͑ k, v͒.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence for the Stopping of Slow Ions by Excitations of Optical Phonons in Insulators

et al. 1999

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The energy loss of Ne 1 ions with keV energies scattered under grazing incidence from a LiF(001) surface is studied with a time-of-flight technique. Since charge exchange in front of the wide-bandgap insulator is widely suppressed, the energy loss of slow ions moving in front of the solid can be investigated under specific interaction conditions. From the theoretical analysis of data we find evidence for an energy loss mechanism based on the excitations of optical phonons in the insulator. PACS numbers: 79.20.Rf, 34.50.Bw When atomic particles collide with solid matter, excitations in projectile and target give rise to stopping phenomena. For slow ions electronic excitations, charge exchange, and binary collisions with target atoms ("nuclear stopping") clearly dominate the dissipation of energy in ion-solid collisions [1]. Whereas nuclear stopping can be described in a straightforward manner, the treatment of electronic processes is a more intricate subject. For metal targets, considerable progress in the theoretical description of electronic stopping has been achieved over about the last decade [2]. Excitation of electron-hole pairs is the primary mechanism for electronic stopping of slow ions, i.e., projectiles with velocities y ø y 0 (y 0 Bohr velocity 1 atomic unit 1 a.u.). In the framework of corresponding theories, characteristic features for the stopping of slow ions by metal targets, e.g., a linear dependence of the stopping power 2dE͞dx on the projectile velocity y or oscillations of 2dE͞dx with atomic number of the projectiles Z 1 ("Z 1 oscillations"), can be described on a quantitative level [3].An interesting aspect concerning the stopping of slow ions is the role of collective excitations. Whereas at higher projectile velocities excitations of plasmons (typical energieshv ഠ 10 eV) result in substantial contributions to energy loss [2,4], these excitations will have small effects on the stopping of slow ions [5]. From a theoretical analysis Echenique and Howie [6] concluded that at low velocities only collective excitations at low frequencies, as, e.g., optical phonons in ionic insulators (typical energieshv ph ഠ some 10 meV [7]) will contribute. In order to observe this mode of stopping, other sources for dissipation of energy of slow ions (single excitations, charge exchange, nuclear stopping) has to be reduced. To our knowledge, corresponding experimental work has not been reported so far.In this Letter, we report on joint experimental and theoretical studies where unequivocal evidence for the stopping of slow ions in front of an ionic insulator by excitation of optical phonons is obtained. We will demonstrate that under specific experimental conditions for collisions of ions with solid matter, the excitations of phonons clearly dominate the stopping process. Our experiments are performed with Ne 1 ions at keV energies ͑y # 0.1 a.u.͒ scattered under grazing angles of incidence (typically F in ഠ 1 ± ) from a clean and flat LiF(001) surface. Under these scattering conditions ("planar surface chann...

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“…In particular, we calculate the wake potential due to single point charge [23], its energy loss rate and the dynamic image potential, as well as the dynamically screened inter-particle interaction energy and the vicinage energy loss ratio for two co-moving point charges above a rough metal surface [24]. In particular, we investigate particles moving in the range of speeds on the order of several units of the Bohr velocity v B (corresponding to a proton kinetic energy of 25 keV), for which the rate of plasmon excitation on metal surfaces reaches peak values [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of fast charges with a rough metal surface

et al. 2015

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Dynamical image potential and induced forces for charged particles moving parallel to a solid surface

Cited by 67 publications

References 45 publications

Simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis using the partial‐intensity approach (PIA)

Simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis using the partial‐intensity approach (PIA)

Evidence for the Stopping of Slow Ions by Excitations of Optical Phonons in Insulators

Interaction of fast charges with a rough metal surface

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