Dynamically Asymmetric Phase Separation and Morphological Structure Formation in the Epoxy/Polysulfone Blends

Zhang, Yan; Shi, Weichao; Chen, Fenghua; Han, Charles C.

doi:10.1021/ma201318g

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…As reported in our previous studies, the epoxy/PSF is a typical dynamical asymmetric system. The dynamic asymmetry in relaxation and molecular diffusion caused by great difference in size and T g between PSF and epoxy component played a crucial role in evolutions of rheology and phase separation . Here, we introduced CNF into such an asymmetric epoxy/PSF blends and the underlying impact of CNF on dynamically asymmetric phase separation was studied extensively.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Effect of cellulose nanofiber on the dynamically asymmetric phase separation in epoxy/polysulfone blends

Zhang

Ling

Zhao

et al. 2019

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Significant effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) on cure‐induced phase separation in dynamically asymmetric system is reported. An epoxy/polysulfone blends with typical layered structure formation was chosen as the polymer matrix, and morphology evolution and rheological behavior of systems with different nano‐size fiber loadings upon curing reaction were investigated using optical microscopy and rheological measurement. CNF distributed uniformly in the polymer matrix and had good interaction with polymer chains. Curing reaction of epoxy was promoted by CNF, making the system gel and phase separate earlier. Meanwhile, system viscosity was increased with CNF addition, and the movement of polymer chains and component diffusion were constrained, as a result, the structure evolution process was slowed down. The CNF altered the final morphologies, resulting in refined structures with smaller characteristic length scales or even completely change the morphologies from the layered structures to a bicontinuous structure when the CNF concentration reached to a relatively high level. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1357–1366

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Effect of cellulose nanofiber on the dynamically asymmetric phase separation in epoxy/polysulfone blends

Zhang

Ling

Zhao

et al. 2019

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…In literature studies, the tendency of the change in q m with time fits with a Maxwell‐type relaxation (Equation 2) . The diffusion coefficients α were obtained to study the influence of the AgNWs on the kinetics of the curing reaction‐induced phase separation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective dispersion of silver nanowires in epoxy/polyetherimide binary composites with enhanced electrical conductivity: a study of curing kinetics and morphology

et al. 2019

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This study reports on the preparation and characterization of epoxy/polyetherimide (EP/PEI) binary system containing low content of silver nanowires (AgNWs). The system was designed to form a co-continuous structure during reaction-induced phase separation of EP/PEI blend. With selective distribution of the AgNWs in continuous EP-rich phase, a low percolation threshold at 3 wt% content of AgNWs was obtained in EP/PEI composite. The glass transition temperature, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity were all enhanced by the addition of low content of AgNWs. The surface resistivity of the EP/PEI blend decreased from 6.5 × 10 16 Ω to 9.6 × 10 5 Ω with the addition of 3.0 wt% AgNWs, and meanwhile thermal conductivity was improved by 38.2%. Furthermore, AgNWs showed a critical impact on the kinetics of reaction-induced phase separation and the formation of co-continuous network structure. The process of phase separation of the thermosetting/thermoplastic blends was characterized by optical microscopy, timeresolved light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy.

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“…The impact of CNF on curing reaction, morphology evolution, rheology, thermal, and mechanical performance of the epoxy/PSF blends was intensively discussed. The reasons for choosing PSF in this study are its high mechanical and thermal performance, good solubility in epoxy oligomers and the well‐known phase behavior in the epoxy/PSF systems . In fact, this is an extension of our previous work where layered structures were observed in the cured epoxy/PSF blends and the phase separation process and mechanism of the layered structure formation have been discussed detailedly .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Rheology, morphological evolution, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy modified with polysulfone and cellulose nanofibers

Zhang

Ling

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the epoxy systems modified with polysulfone (PSF) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) cured at different temperatures are prepared to investigate the effect of CNF on curing reaction, morphology evolution, rheology, thermal, and mechanical performance of composites. The reaction rate is increased and the activation energy is decreased with CNF incorporation, implying an accelerating effect of CNF on the epoxy-amine reaction. The phase separation and gelation of the epoxy/PSF/CNF system start earlier compared with the binary system of epoxy/PSF. While it is displayed by rheology that both the system viscosity and relaxation time are elevated with CNF, presenting an inhibiting effect on phase evolution. Morphologies with smaller domain size are finally freezed by the epoxy gelation. The enhancement of impact performance for the epoxy/PSF/CNF composites is indicated by 40.2% increase in the impact strength, which is attributed to the finer phase-separated morphology, the uniformly distributed CNF within the polymer matrix and the good load transfer between phases. In addition, the thermal stability of composites is improved as the CNFs existed in the phase-separated polymer matrix can restrict the thermal motion of molecules during decomposition process.

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Dynamically Asymmetric Phase Separation and Morphological Structure Formation in the Epoxy/Polysulfone Blends

Cited by 42 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of cellulose nanofiber on the dynamically asymmetric phase separation in epoxy/polysulfone blends

Effect of cellulose nanofiber on the dynamically asymmetric phase separation in epoxy/polysulfone blends

Selective dispersion of silver nanowires in epoxy/polyetherimide binary composites with enhanced electrical conductivity: a study of curing kinetics and morphology

Rheology, morphological evolution, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy modified with polysulfone and cellulose nanofibers

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