“…In the recent decades, neural networks (NNs) have been extensively investigated and widely applied in various research fields, for instance, optimization problem, pattern recognition, static image processing, associative memory, and signal processing [1][2][3][4]. In many engineering applications, time delay is one of the typical characteristics in the processing of neurons and plays an important role in causing the poor performance and instability or leading to some dynamic behaviors such as chaos, instability, divergence, and others [5][6][7][8][9]. Therefore, time-delay NNs have received considerable attention in many fields of application.…”