Dynamics and Predation Efficiency ofChrysoperla externa(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) onEnneothrips flavens(Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract

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Assessment of Chrysoperla comanche (Banks) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) as Biological Control Agents of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under Glasshouse Conditions

“…For example, the third instar of C. externa consumed more thrips (F. occidentalis) [16] and Neohydatothrips signifier [17] than the second and first instar. The presence of newly hatched C. externa larvae proved to significantly reduce E. flavens populations on peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.; Fabales: Fabaceae) under greenhouse conditions substantiating its potential as a biological control agent [18]. The third instar of C. carnea was the most voracious when feeding on the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) [33], while third and second instars of C. externa consumed the largest number of whiteflies on tomato leaves at lab conditions [34].…”

“…Lacewing populations in the glasshouses can be established and maintained by introducing plants that provide pollen and nectar for the adults and supplying Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) eggs for the larvae when the thrips population is scarce, establishing an augmentative or conservation biological control as has been proposed in other studies [18,25]. This strategy has been implemented to maintain a population of predatory mites, by introducing plants to supply pollen and lab reared mites as prey for the predatory mites when the thrips population in the glasshouse is low or totally absent [13].…”

“…The potential of lacewings for controlling thrips or other pests at lab or glasshouse conditions have been assessed as well. For example, Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) predating on the thrips F. occidentalis [16], Neohydatothrips signifer Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) [17] and Enneothrips flavens Moulton (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) [18], the aphids Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) [19] and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) [20], the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) [21], the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) [22] and the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) [23].…”

Survival and Reproduction ofChrysoperla carnea(Stephens)1Fed Different Diets

“…Auad et al (2014) said that R. padi is an excellent food for development of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), because survival of all larval instars and pupae was greater than 90% when fed the aphid. Rodrigues et al (2014) argued that C. carnea preferred aphids rather than thrips. The intrinsic growth rate is a parameter that considers the life cycle, rate of development, fertility, and longevity, so it is one of the most important criteria to assess effectiveness or potential of a biological control agent.…”

“…salasm@ugto.mx, oscarja@ugto.mx 1993). Lacewings have been used for biological control of insects such as thrips and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on eggplants in greenhouses, Aphis pomi (Degeer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on apples, and augmentative release to reduce abundance of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Rodrigues et al 2014).…”