Dynamics and Ultradian Structure of Human Sleep in Real Life

Winnebeck, Eva C.; Fischer, Dorothee; Leise, Tanya; Roenneberg, Till

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.063

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…We used actigraphy scores to devise criteria for behavioural sleep/rest 56–59 , defining it as complete immobility (activity score equal to zero). Using survival curve analyses, we plotted the distribution of rest episodes during the night and during the day as a function of their progressively increasing duration, expressed as a percentage of the total number of episodes; we performed this same analysis for episodes of activity to quantify how long episodes with movement were sustained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Reinhardt

Vyazovskiy

Hernández‐Aguilar

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Among primates, the suborder Haplorhini is considered to have evolved a consolidated monophasic sleep pattern, with diurnal species requiring a shorter sleep duration than nocturnal species. Only a few primate species have been systematically studied in their natural habitat where environmental variables, including temperature and light, have a major influence on sleep and activity patterns. Here we report the first sleep study on a nocturnal primate performed in the wild. We fitted seven wild Javan slow lorises ( Nycticebus javanicus ) in West Java, Indonesia with accelerometers that collected activity data, and installed climate loggers in each individual’s home range to collect ambient temperature readings (over 321 days in total). All individuals showed a strictly nocturnal pattern of activity and displayed a striking synchronisation of onset and cessation of activity in relation to sunset and sunrise. The longest consolidated rest episodes were typically clustered near the beginning and towards the end of the light period, and this pattern was inversely related to daily fluctuations of the ambient temperature. The striking relationship between daily activity patterns, light levels and temperature suggests a major role of the environment in shaping the daily architecture of waking and sleep. We concluded that well-known phenotypic variability in daily sleep amount and architecture across species may represent an adaptation to changes in the environment. Our data suggest that the consolidated monophasic sleep patterns shaped by environmental pressures observed in slow lorises represent phylogenetic inertia in the evolution of sleep patterns in humans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Reinhardt

Vyazovskiy

Hernández‐Aguilar

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Of course, as with comparative studies of human sleep, confounding factors such as increased fatigue associated with exercise may have influenced patterns of sleep in this study. Ongoing developments in our ability to record sleep at home, using reasonably cheap and unobtrusive technology (e.g., Winnebeck, Fischer, Leise, & Roenneberg, ), will hopefully facilitate further research. Such research could also help to address the extent to which outdoor illumination affects human sleep, and whether illumination from indoor lighting and light‐emitting screens effectively overwhelms effects from external sources of illumination.…”

Section: Human Sleep: Real‐world Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of artificial light at night on sleep: A review and prospectus

et al. 2018

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Natural cycles of light and darkness govern the timing of most aspects of animal behavior and physiology. Artificial light at night (ALAN)-a recent and pervasive form of pollution-can mask natural photoperiodic cues and interfere with biological rhythms. One such rhythm vulnerable to perturbation is the sleep-wake cycle. ALAN may greatly influence sleep in humans and wildlife, particularly in animals that sleep predominantly at night. There has been some recent evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, but critical questions remain. Some of these can be addressed by adopting approaches already entrenched in sleep research. In this paper, we review the current evidence for impacts of ALAN on sleep, highlight gaps in our understanding, and suggest opportunities for future research.

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“…2A/B, p = 0.538). Moreover, actigraphy can provide an assessment of restlessness during sleep [28] and by this criterion, the sleep quality was equivalent between the Breakfast vs. Snack Sessions ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating breakfast and avoiding the evening snack sustains lipid oxidation

Kelly

McGuinness

Buchowski

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ManuscriptClick here to access/download;Manuscript;Kelly et al.total.pdf SUMMARY Circadian (daily) regulation of metabolic pathways implies that food may be metabolized differentially over the daily cycle. To test that hypothesis, we monitored the metabolism of older subjects in a whole-room respiratory chamber over two separate 56-h sessions in a random crossover design. In one session, one of the three daily meals was presented as breakfast whereas in the other session, a nutritionally equivalent meal was presented as a late-evening snack. The duration of the overnight fast was the same for both sessions. Whereas the two sessions did not differ in overall energy expenditure, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was different during sleep between the two sessions. Unexpectedly, this difference in RER due to daily meal timing was not due to daily differences in physical activity, sleep disruption, or core body temperature. Rather, we found that the daily timing of nutrient availability coupled with daily/circadian control of metabolism drives a switch in substrate preference such that the lateevening snack session resulted in significantly lower lipid oxidation compared to the breakfast session. Therefore, the timing of meals during the day/night cycle affects how ingested food is oxidized or stored in humans with important implications for optimal eating habits. Keywords:circadian meal timing metabolism respiratory quotient (RQ) = CO 2 eliminated / O 2 consumed respiratory exchange ratio (RER) = ratio between the amount of CO 2 produced in metabolism and O 2 consumed. Equivalent to RQ. lipid oxidation metabolic chamber indirect calorimetry Mason, and Dr. Heidi Silver for their help with nutrition information and meal development. We thank Dr. Heidi Chen for her statistical advice. We also thank the subject-participants in this study.

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Dynamics and Ultradian Structure of Human Sleep in Real Life

Cited by 58 publications

References 55 publications

Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Environment shapes sleep patterns in a wild nocturnal primate

Impacts of artificial light at night on sleep: A review and prospectus

Eating breakfast and avoiding the evening snack sustains lipid oxidation

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