Dynamics-Based Stranded-Crowd Model for Evacuation in Building Bottlenecks

Abstract

In high-density public buildings, it is difficult to evacuate. So in this paper, we propose a novel quantitative evacuation model to insure people’s safety and reduce the risk of crowding. We analyze the mechanism of arch-like clogging phenomena during evacuation and the influencing factors in emergency situations at bottleneck passages; then we design a model based on crowd dynamics and apply the model to a stadium example. The example is used to compare evacuation results of crowd density with different egress widths in stranded zones. The results show this model proposed can guide the safe and dangerous egress widths in performance design and can help evacuation routes to be selected and optimized.

Development of a Safest Routing Algorithm for Evacuation Simulation in Case of Fire

“…The following constraints were used in the simulations: -1323 persons were randomly distributed in the plan presented in Figure 3; -The pre-evacuation time is set to 60 seconds; For the simulations the maximum density D max is chosen 9 persons/m 2 based on the following sources (Kholsgevnikov et al, 2008;German Fire Protection Association, 2012;Huang et al, 2013), the maximal length of a section measured is 58 meters (section 6-8, figure 4).…”