Dynamics for geomagnetic pulsations, field-aligned currents, and airglow at mid-latitudes within substorm activations during superstorms

Abstract

Within substorm activations during two superstorms (2000 and 2003) from the observations at midlatitude geomagnetic observatories, we study short-period irregular geomagnetic pulsations and airglow in the 557.7 nm and 630.0 nm atomic oxygen emission lines, and in the 391.4 nm ionized nitrogen molecular band. Through the genuine magnetogram inversion technique, from the 1-minute data of the ground-based magnetometer global network, we investigate the distribution dynamics for field-aligned currents (FACs) in the ionosphere. The relation is shown between pulsation bursts and airglow disturbances in the post-midnight sector to precipitations of energetic electrons (~keV) and increase in the R2 upward FACs.

About Research Programs at the Radio Telescope "Uran-4" Ira Nasu – Monitoring of Fluxes of Powerful Radio Sources, Study of the Sun's Supercorona, Observations of Solar Eclipse

“…Fast geomagnetic variations are also induced in the ionosphere, but are associated with electric currents (field-aligned currents) and the interaction of the ionosphere and magnetosphere Earth. These include resonant geomagnetic variations [39]. Thus, ionospheric activity is studied as if in two dimensions.…”

Burst Geomagnetic Pulsations as Indicators of Substorm Expansion Onsets During Storms

“…A typical major storm lasts for several days. During this disturbed period, occurring intermittently magnetospheric substorms create abrupt intensifications of optical (auroral) emissions and electric fields and currents in the high-and middle-latitude ionosphere (Akasofu, 1964;Brunelli & Namgaladze, 1988;Klibanova et al, 2019;Mikhalev, 2013;Mishin et al, 2018;Rassoul et al, 1993;Tinsley et al, 1986). A typical substorm comprises the growth phase, explosive (active or expansion) phase, and recovery phase (Bazarzhapov et al, 1979;McPherron, 1979;Mishin et al, 1979).…”