Dynamics of ammonia exchange with cut grassland: synthesis of results and conclusions of the GRAMINAE Integrated Experiment

Sutton, Mark A.; Nemitz, Eiko; Milford, C.; Campbell, Claire; Erisman, J. W.; Hensen, A.; Cellier, Pierre; David, M.; Loubet, Benjamin; Personne, Erwan; Schjøerring, Jan K.; Mattßon, Marie; Dorsey, J. R.; Gallagher, Martin; Horváth, László; Weidinger, Tamás; Mészáros, Róbert; Dämmgen, Ulrich; Neftel, A.; Herrmann, B.; Lehman, Bonnie; Fléchard, Christophe; Burkhardt, Juergen

doi:10.5194/bg-6-2907-2009

Cited by 63 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The two-layer model for NH 3 exchange has the advantage of capturing the soil and litter emissions. These emissions can be particularly important after fertilisation for grassland and arable ecosystems, after cutting for grassland and in case of a crop that has senescent leaves during its maturation like oilseed rape Sutton et al, 2009a). It can be argued however that in case of a single layer model scheme, the value of s attributed to a managed ecosystem after fertilisation or cutting is not a stomatal s but a canopy c .…”

Section: Proposed Model and Parameterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to additional remobilisation from urine and dung, grazing can be considered as an additional N source for the grassland as regards ammonia emission. By contrast, cutting seems to affect c because it (i) prevents the recapture of NH 3 emitted from the litter (Sutton et al, 2009a), (ii) exposes the litter to higher temperatures (David et al, 2009;Sutton et al, 2009a) and (iii) alters the metabolism of the plant, possibly affecting emissions through injuries to the leaves ) and reducing consumption of substrate N into structural N in the plant .…”

Section: Ground Layer Compensation Point (χ G )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nemitz et al, 2000a). This is different in drier desert climates or for recently cut vegetation Sutton et al, 2009a). In this work we focus on reviewing and deriving generalised parameterisations for the two-layer model, although, it is not always possible to include the soil/litter surface layer which requires further assessment before it can be incorporated into the model in all situations.…”

Section: Review Of Existing Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sutton et al, 2009a). Currently, ammonia emissions from leaf litter, though understood in principle, remain very uncertain due to the limited number of studies (Sarwar et al, 2005;David et al, 2009).…”

Section: Review Of Existing Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

2010

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Abstract. Current deposition schemes used in atmospheric chemical transport models do not generally account for bidirectional exchange of ammonia (NH 3 ). Bi-directional exchange schemes, which have so far been applied at the plot scale, can be included in transport models, but need to be parameterised with appropriate values of the ground layer compensation point (χ g ), stomatal compensation point (χ s ) and cuticular resistance (R w ). We review existing measurements of χ g , χ s as well as R w and compile a comprehensive dataset from which we then propose generalised parameterisations. χ s is related to s , the non-dimensional ratio of [NH + 4 ] apo and [H + ] apo in the apoplast, through the temperature dependence of the combined Henry and dissociation equilibrium. The meta-analysis suggests that the nitrogen (N) input is the main driver of the apoplastic and bulk leaf concentrations of ammonium (NH + 4 apo , NH + 4 bulk ). For managed ecosystems, the main source of N is fertilisation which is reflected in a peak value of χ s a few days following application, but also alters seasonal values of NH + 4 apo and NH + 4 bulk . We propose a parameterisation for χ s which includes peak values as a function of amount and type of fertiliser application which gradually decreases to a background value. The background χ s is based on total N input to the ecosystem as a yearly fertiliser application and N deposition (N dep ). For non-managed ecosystems, χ s is parameterised based solely on the link with N dep .For R w we propose a general parameterisation as a function of atmospheric relative humidity (RH), incorporating a minimum value (R w(min) ), which depends on the ratio of atmospheric acid concentrations (SO 2 , HNO 3 and HCl) toCorrespondence to: R.-S. Massad (massad@grignon.inra.fr) NH 3 concentrations. The parameterisations are based mainly on datasets from temperate locations in northern Europe making them most suitable for up-scaling in these regions (EMEP model for example). In principle, the parameterisations should be applicable to other climates, though there is a need for more underpinning data, with the uncertainties being especially large for tropical and subtropical conditions.

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Section: Proposed Model and Parameterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ground Layer Compensation Point (χ G )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Existing Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Existing Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

2010

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“…The strong stickiness of the polar NH 3 molecule complicates measurements of ambient NH 3 concentrations (Parrish and Fehsenfeld, 2000;von Bobrutzki et al, 2010) and consequently fluxes. Varying instrumental performance Sutton et al, 2009) and limited signal range of sensors introduce large uncertainties into NH 3 emission quantifications. The possibility for accurate field scale assessments under common agricultural practice is important for the validation of emission levels (Sommer et al, 2003;Spirig et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

et al. 2011

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Abstract.At a cropland and a grassland site field scale ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions from slurry application were determined simultaneously by two approaches based on (i) eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements using high temperature Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (HT-CIMS) and on (ii) backward Lagrangian Stochastic (bLS) dispersion modelling using concentration measurements by three optical open path Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) systems. Slurry was spread on the fields in sequential tracks over a period of one to two hours. In order to calculate field emissions, measured EC/HT-CIMS fluxes were combined with flux footprint analysis of individual slurry spreading tracks to parameterise the NH 3 volatilisation with a bi-exponential time dependence. Accordingly, track-resolved concentration footprints for the FTIR measurements were calculated using bLS. A consistency test with concentrations measured by impingers showed very low systematic deviations for the EC/HT-CIMS results (<8 %) but larger deviations for the bLS/FTIR results. For both slurry application events, the period during fertilisation and the subsequent two hours contributed by more than 80 % to the total field emissions. Averaged over the two measurement methods, the cumulated emissions of the first day amounted to 17 ± 3 % loss of applied total ammoniacal nitrogen over the cropland and 16 ± 3 % over the grassland field.

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Tall Tower Vertical Profiles and Diurnal Trends of Ammonia in the Colorado Front Range

Tevlin

Collett

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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Ammonia (NH3) mixing ratios were measured between the surface and 280 m aboveground level from a moveable carriage at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory tower in summer 2014 as part of the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment. The campaign median mixing ratio was 3.3 ppb, ranging from below detection limits to 192 ppb. Median vertical profiles show an overall increase in NH3 mixing ratios toward the surface of 6.7 ppb (89%) during the day and 3.9 ppb (141%) at night. In contrast to the overall increasing trend, some individual profiles show decreasing NH3 in the lowest 10 m. This suggests that the local surface is capable of acting as either a source or a sink, depending on the relative amounts of NH3 at the surface, and in advected air parcels. We further use this data set to investigate the variation in diurnal patterns of NH3 as a function of height above the surface. At higher altitudes (100 ± 5 and 280 ± 5 m), NH3 mixing ratios reach a gradual maximum during the day between 9:00 and 16:00 local time, likely driven by changes in source region. At lower altitudes (10 ± 5 m), the daytime maximum begins earlier at about 7:00 local time, followed by a sharper increase at 9:00 local time. At this height we also observe a peak in NH3 mixing ratios during the night, likely driven by the trapping of emitted NH3 within the shallower nocturnal boundary layer.

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Dynamics of ammonia exchange with cut grassland: synthesis of results and conclusions of the GRAMINAE Integrated Experiment

Cited by 63 publications

References 82 publications

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

Review and parameterisation of bi-directional ammonia exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere

Determination of field scale ammonia emissions for common slurry spreading practice with two independent methods

Tall Tower Vertical Profiles and Diurnal Trends of Ammonia in the Colorado Front Range

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